Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Bolus Residue Scale in Acute Stroke

NCT07435441 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IstanbulArelU-ETK-2025/20-10
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) in patients with acute stroke. The study has a methodological, observational, and cross-sectional design. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) recordings will be scored independently by trained raters using the BRS. Psychometric properties including construct validity, criterion validity, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability will be analyzed.

Conditions

Post-stroke; Dysphagia; Videofluoroscopy; Scale Reliability Validity

Keywords

Dyshagia; Scale reliability validity; Post-stroke; videofluoroscopy; Bolus residue scale

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Bolus Residue Scale (BRS)

  The Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) Turkish version is a videofluoroscopic swallowing assessment tool used to evaluate the severity of pharyngeal residue following swallowing. The scale consists of six ordinal levels, ranging from Grade 1 (no residue) to Grade 6 (severe residue) based on the presence and extent of bolus residue in the pharynx. Higher scores indicate greater pharyngeal residue severity and poorer swallowing efficiency.

  Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment)

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Swallowing Safety Assessed by the Penetration-Aspiration Scale

  Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment)

• Pharyngeal Residue Assessed by the Yale Residue Scale

  Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment)

• Functional Oral Intake Assessment

  Baseline (during videofluoroscopic swallowing study assessment)

Study Arms (1)

Acute Stroke Patients

This cohort consists of patients with acute stroke who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical evaluation. Swallowing function was assessed using the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) for the purpose of validity and reliability analysis. No intervention was applied, and no changes were made to standard clinical care.

Other: No intervention (observational study)

Interventions

No intervention (observational study) OTHER

This study does not involve any therapeutic, behavioral, or procedural intervention. All assessments were performed as part of routine clinical care, and no changes were made to standard treatment or clinical management.

Acute Stroke Patients

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of adult patients with acute stroke who were referred for videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical care. All participants underwent swallowing assessment using standardized residue and swallowing scales. No intervention was applied, and all evaluations were conducted within standard clinical practice.

You may qualify if:

• Diagnosis of acute stroke confirmed by neurological and radiological evaluation
• Age 18 years and older
• Undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) as part of routine clinical assessment
• Ability to participate in swallowing assessment procedures
• Provision of written informed consent by the patient or a legal representative

You may not qualify if:

• History of head and neck cancer or head and neck surgery
• Pre-existing neurological diseases affecting swallowing (e.g., Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
• Structural abnormalities of the upper aerodigestive tract
• Severe cognitive impairment preventing cooperation with assessment procedures
• Incomplete or poor-quality VFSS recordings unsuitable for analysis

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul Arel University: lead
• Hacettepe University: collaborator
• Istinye University: collaborator
• Atlas University: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Istanbul Arel University

Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, 34015, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Soyer T, Arslan SS, Pisiren B, Boybeyi O, Yalcin E, Demir N. The Role of Bolus Residue and Its Relation with Respiratory Problems in Children with Esophageal Atresia. Dysphagia. 2023 Dec;38(6):1546-1550. doi: 10.1007/s00455-023-10582-1. Epub 2023 May 3.

  PMID: 37138140 BACKGROUND

• Rommel N, Borgers C, Van Beckevoort D, Goeleven A, Dejaeger E, Omari TI. Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in Patients with Dysphagia. Int J Otolaryngol. 2015;2015:780197. doi: 10.1155/2015/780197. Epub 2015 Nov 12.

  PMID: 26640491 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Deglutition Disorders

Interventions

Observation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Esophageal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Methods; Investigative Techniques

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Target Duration: 1 Day
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Lecturer

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 20, 2026
• First Posted: February 27, 2026
• Study Start: August 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: January 15, 2026
• Study Completion: February 20, 2026
• Last Updated: February 27, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)