Upper Extremity Position and Intraocular Pressure During Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

NCT07424417 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: EFSH-ANES-IOP-RCT-2026
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 60
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of two upper extremity positions on intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia. Participants were randomly assigned to either an arms-at-sides position or a hands-on-chest position. IOP was measured in the right eye using an Icare ic200 rebound tonometer at predefined perioperative time points. Hemodynamic parameters, including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, were also recorded. The primary outcome was the change in IOP from baseline to 30 minutes between the two upper extremity position groups.

Conditions

Intraocular Pressure; Spinal Anesthesia; Surgical Positioning

Keywords

Upper Extremity Position; Intraocular Pressure; Spinal Anesthesia; Surgical Positioning

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Intraocular Pressure From Baseline to 30 Minutes

  Intraocular pressure was measured in the right eye using an Icare ic200 rebound tonometer. The primary outcome was the change in intraocular pressure from baseline to 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia and upper extremity positioning between the two study groups.

  Baseline and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia and upper extremity positioning

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Change in Intraocular Pressure From Baseline to 15 Minutes

  Baseline and 15 minutes after spinal anesthesia and upper extremity positioning

• Mean Arterial Pressure

  Baseline, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia and upper extremity positioning

Study Arms (2)

Arms-at-Sides Position

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants underwent spinal anesthesia with both arms positioned alongside the body throughout the procedure.

Other: Upper Extremity Positioning

Hands-on-Chest Position

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants underwent spinal anesthesia with both hands positioned over the chest throughout the procedure.

Other: Upper Extremity Positioning

Interventions

Upper Extremity Positioning OTHER

Participants were assigned to one of two upper extremity positions during spinal anesthesia: arms positioned alongside the body or hands positioned over the chest.

Arms-at-Sides Position; Hands-on-Chest Position

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 80 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Age between 18 and 80 years
• ASA physical status I-III
• Scheduled for elective open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia
• Ability to undergo intraocular pressure measurement
• Provision of written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• History of glaucoma or ocular hypertension
• Previous ocular surgery or ocular trauma
• Active ocular disease or infection
• Contraindication to spinal anesthesia
• Inability to cooperate with intraocular pressure measurements
• Refusal to participate

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Elazıg Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi: lead

Study Sites (1)

Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital

Elâzığ, Outside of the US, 23200, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Due to the nature of the intervention, participants and care providers could not be blinded. However, intraocular pressure measurements were performed by an outcome assessor blinded to group allocation.
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 12, 2026
• First Posted: February 20, 2026
• Study Start: November 20, 2025
• Primary Completion: February 10, 2026
• Study Completion: February 10, 2026
• Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-05

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)