NCT07397559

Brief Summary

Spinal cord injury leads to long-lasting impairment, and currently, there is no cure for paralysis. Although transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation has shown promising results in recovering lost movements, its poor selectivity in muscle recruitment compared to invasive approaches limits the type of rehabilitation exercises that can be practiced. This project studies how spatial, frequency, and amplitude control of stimulation can be used to selectively target different neural pathways and muscle groups.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
48

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable

Timeline
52mo left

Started Jan 2026

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress7%
Jan 2026Aug 2030

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 19, 2026

Completed
14 days until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 2, 2026

Completed
7 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 9, 2026

Completed
4.6 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

August 31, 2030

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

August 31, 2030

Last Updated

February 12, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4.6 years

First QC Date

February 2, 2026

Last Update Submit

February 9, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

spinal cord injurytranscutaneous spinal cord stimulationrehabilitation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Changes in Torque

    The primary outcome is a measure of changes in voluntary torque production (Nm)

    30 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Muscle activation

    30 minutes

  • Pain/Nociception

    30 minutes

Study Arms (3)

No stimulation

OTHER

Participants complete the study motor tasks and assessments without transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS).

Other: No Stimulation

Conventional tSCS

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants complete the same experimental tasks and assessments while receiving conventional, non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) using a single cathode and 30 Hz.

Device: Conventional tSCS

Spatiotemporal tSCS

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants complete the same tasks and assessments while receiving spatiotemporal tSCS in which stimulation parameters are systematically varied across sessions, including electrode location/configuration (spatial control), frequency, and amplitude (temporal/intensity control), to optimize targeted muscle recruitment and voluntary motor output.

Device: Spatiotemporal tSCS

Interventions

Participants complete motor tasks and outcome assessments with no spinal cord stimulation applied.

No stimulation

Non-invasive transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is delivered at 30 Hz using a single cathode electrode targeting the lumbar spinal cord to reinforce leg motor output during study tasks

Conventional tSCS

Stimulation parameters, including electrode location, stimulation frequency, and stimulation amplitude, are systematically varied to reinforce leg motor output during study tasks

Spatiotemporal tSCS

Eligibility Criteria

Age16 Years - 65 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Age between 16 and 65 years.
  • Have a spinal cord injury (neurological level C3-T12) that occurred ≥1 year (chronic stage) prior to enrollment.
  • American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) classification C or D
  • Able to voluntarily contract (motor score ≥ 1) at least two leg muscles (visual or palpable contraction).
  • Use of prescription medication(s) for control of spasticity has not changed in the last 2 weeks
  • Able to provide consent
  • Ability to follow multiple instructions and communicate pain or discomfort

You may not qualify if:

  • Progressive spinal lesions, including degenerative disorders of the spinal cord
  • Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or currently breastfeeding
  • History of cardiopulmonary disease or cardiac symptoms
  • Implanted stimulators of any type (baclofen pump, epidural spinal stimulator, cardiac defibrillator, pace-maker, etc.)
  • Presence of orthopedic conditions that would negatively affect participation in leg exercise
  • History of autonomic dysreflexia that is severe, unstable, and/or uncontrolled
  • Unstable or significant medical conditions that can interfere with exercise or neurophysiological evaluations, such as severe neuropathic pain, depression, mood disorders, or other cognitive disorders
  • Spasms that limit the ability to participate in leg exercise activity
  • Breakdown in skin area that will be in contact with electrodes

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Washington University, St. Louis

St Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Spinal Cord Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Spinal Cord DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesTrauma, Nervous SystemWounds and Injuries

Central Study Contacts

Ismael Seáñez, PhD

CONTACT

Carolyn Atkinson, BS

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Neurosurgery

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 2, 2026

First Posted

February 9, 2026

Study Start

January 19, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 31, 2030

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 31, 2030

Last Updated

February 12, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

De-identified and anonymized individual participant data including kinematic measures, EMG torque, stimulation parameters, nociception/pain measures, and associated session/task metadata. Processed datasets and summary statistics used for publications will be shared. Identifiable video recordings will not be shared.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
IPD and supporting information will be made available no later than the time of publication of the primary results and/or at the end of the study performance period, whichever occurs first. Data will remain available for at least 5 years following the end of the study, subject to repository policies and continued availability of the hosting platforms.
Access Criteria
Access will be provided to qualified researchers for non-commercial scientific purposes. Shared datasets will be de-identified/anonymized and will not include direct identifiers or any information that could reasonably be used to re-identify participants. Data will be accessed via public repositories when available (e.g., Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury) and/or through controlled-access request mechanisms (e.g., NICHD DASH) as applicable.
More information

Locations