High-intensity Interval Exercise Compared With Continuous Moderate Exercise on Glycemia in Postabsorptive vs. Postprandial State in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

NCT07365176 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: IRB00012476-2023-08-02-225
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 21
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized crossover trial examined whether exercise modality (high-intensity interval exercise vs. moderate-intensity continuous exercise) and timing relative to meals (postprandial vs. postabsorptive) influence glycemic responses in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed four cycling sessions matched for total mechanical load, and glucose levels were monitored during exercise and for 24 hours afterward while accounting for dietary intake and insulin administration. The study hypothesized that glycemic responses differ according to both exercise type and prandial state.

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Keywords

Blood glucose; Exercise; Hypoglycemia

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Capillary glycemia

  Blood glucose meter

  At rest before exercise, then at 10 and 20 min of exercise, at 2 min of active recovery post-exercise, and at 10 min of passive recovery post-exercise.

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Interstitial glucose

  The 24 hours before and the 24 hours after each visit

• Capillary blood lactate

  At rest before exercise, then at 10 and 20 min of exercise, at 2 min of active recovery post-exercise, and at 10 min of passive recovery post-exercise.

• Oxygen consumption

  During a 5-min rest before exercise, a 3-min warm-up, 20-min of exercise, a 2-min active recovery post-exercise, and a 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

• Rate of Perveived Exertion

  At rest before the exercise, and then at 5-min, 10-min, 15-min and 20-min of exercise, at 2-min active recovery post-exercise and at 5 and 10-min passive recovery post-exercise.

• Variation of muscle blood volume.

  During a 5-min rest before exercise, a 3-min warm-up, 20-min of exercise, a 2-min active recovery post-exercise, and a 5-min passive recovery post-exercise.

Study Arms (4)

A/B/C/D

EXPERIMENTAL

A= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase

Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase

B/C/D/A

EXPERIMENTAL

A= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase

Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase

C/D/A/B

EXPERIMENTAL

A= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase

Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase

D/A/B/C

EXPERIMENTAL

A= High-intensity interval exercise in postabsorptive phase B= High-intensity interval exercise in postprandial phase C= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postabsorptive phase D= Moderate-intensity continuous exercise in postprandial phase

Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase; Other: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase

Interventions

High-intensity interval exercise performed in postabsorptive phase OTHER

Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The high-intensity interval exercise protocol consisted of ten 1-min intervals at 100% of MAP, each interspersed with 1-min of passive recovery. For the postabsorptive state, exercise began 5 hours after the start of lunch (i.e., in the late afternoon).

A/B/C/D; B/C/D/A; C/D/A/B; D/A/B/C

Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postprandial phase OTHER

Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The moderate-intensity continuous exercise protocol consisted of continuous exercise at 50% of MAP for 20 minutes. For the postprandial state, exercise began 1.5 hours after the start of lunch and the corresponding meal-related bolus/rapid-acting insulin (i.e., in the early afternoon).

A/B/C/D; B/C/D/A; C/D/A/B; D/A/B/C

Moderate-intensity continuous exercise performed in postabsorptive phase OTHER

Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of MAP and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP). The CONT protocol consisted of continuous exercise at 50% of MAP for 20 minutes. For the postabsorptive state, exercise began 5 hours after the start of lunch (i.e., in the late afternoon).

A/B/C/D; B/C/D/A; C/D/A/B; D/A/B/C

High-intensity interval exercise performed in postprandial phase OTHER

Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer (Excalibur Sport, Lode B.V.). Exercise began with a 3-min warm-up at 20% of maximum aerobic power (MAP) and ended with a 2-min active recovery at 20% of MAP. The high-intensity interval exercise protocol consisted of ten 1-min intervals at 100% of MAP, each interspersed with 1-min of passive recovery. For the postprandial state, exercise began 1.5 hours after the start of lunch and the corresponding meal-related bolus/rapid-acting insulin (i.e., in the early afternoon).

A/B/C/D; B/C/D/A; C/D/A/B; D/A/B/C

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 60 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Between 18 and 60 years of age
• Regular practice of physical activity (at least 2 training sessions/week for at least 3 months)
• Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for \>1 year
• No change in insulin delivery method (i.e., multiple daily injections \[MDI\], continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion \[CSII\] in open or closed loop) over the previous 3 months
• Use of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device in daily life

You may not qualify if:

• Diabetes-related complications except for background retinopathy

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale: lead

Study Sites (1)

Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS - ULR 7369)

Loos, 59120, France

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Motor Activity; Hypoglycemia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: PhD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 28, 2025
• First Posted: January 26, 2026
• Study Start: February 8, 2023
• Primary Completion: January 17, 2025
• Study Completion: May 9, 2025
• Last Updated: January 26, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Time Frame: From the acceptance date of publication
• Access Criteria: Access on e-mail request to investigators

Locations

FR (1)