The Effectiveness of Three Good Things on Gratitude and Psychological Well-being Among Nursing Students
The Effectiveness of Daily Three Good Thing Intervention on Gratitude and Psychological Well-being Among Indonesian Nursing Students: Solomon Four-Group Design
1 other identifier
interventional
277
1 country
1
Brief Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the daily Three Good Thing intervention can prevent negative mental health outcomes like stress and burnou, and promote Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing in undergraduate Nursing Students. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the daily Three Good Things intervention effective in promoting gratitude and psychological wellbeing among nursing students? Researchers will compare four different arms from Solomon Four Group Design to see if the increase in Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing scores is significantly greater in the groups that received the 3GT intervention. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the four groups, and those in the intervention groups will:
- 1.Complete a pre-test questionnaire (for some groups) on their current level of Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing.
- 2.Perform the Three Good Things (3GT) intervention by writing down three positive things that happened each day for 7 consecutive days.
- 3.Complete a post-test questionnaire to measure the final level of Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Dec 2025
Shorter than P25 for not_applicable
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
December 16, 2025
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
December 23, 2025
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
January 13, 2026
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
March 1, 2026
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
March 25, 2026
CompletedJanuary 13, 2026
January 1, 2026
2 months
December 16, 2025
January 6, 2026
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (2)
The Change in Psychological Well-Being
Measurement of changes in psychological well-being scores from pre-test to post-test in participants using the 18-item Indonesian adaptation of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. These changes will compare the effectiveness of the Three Good Things (3GT) intervention with the control group. Psychological well-being here refers to six dimensions : self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, life purpose, and personal growth. The total score ranges from 18 to 72 using a 1-4 Likert scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree), where a higher score indicates a higher level of psychological well-being. Reverse scoring is used for favorable items 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, and 16.
7 days (Measured immediately after completion of the one-week daily intervention)
The Change in Gratitude Levels
Measurement of changes in gratitude scores from pre-test to post-test in participants using the 11-item Indonesian adaptation of the Gratitude Questionnaire. These changes will assess the ability of the Three Good Things (3GT) intervention to increase participants' tendency to feel and express gratitude in their daily lives using two dimensions : Appreciation for ongoing life experiences and Appreciation for individuals involved in one's life. The total score ranges from 11 to 77 using a 1-7 Likert scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree), where a higher score indicates a higher level of gratitude. Reverse scoring applies to unfavorable item number 3.
7 days (Measured immediately after completion of the daily intervention for one week)
Study Arms (4)
Group 1 (Pre-test, 3GT, post-test)
EXPERIMENTALThis group received measurements of the dependent variables (Gratitude and Psychological Well-being) through a pre-test, followed by a Three Good Things (3GT) intervention for 7 days, and ended with the same measurements for the post-test.
Group 2 (pre-test and post-test)
NO INTERVENTIONThis group received measurements of dependent variables (Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing) through a pre-test, did not receive the 3GT intervention, and ended with the same measurements. This group aimed to measure the natural effects of the passage of time and the potential influence of the pre-test itself without any intervention.
Group 3 (3GT and post-test)
EXPERIMENTALThis group does not receive a pre-test to eliminate testing bias, but receives the Three Good Things (3GT) Intervention for 7 days, and ends with only dependent variable measurements (post-test). This group tests the effectiveness of the intervention without the interaction effect of the pre-test.
Group 4 (Post Test only)
NO INTERVENTIONThis group did not receive a pre-test or the 3GT Intervention. They only received a measurement of the dependent variable through a post-test at the end of the study period. This group served as the baseline measurement to isolate the pure effect of the intervention.
Interventions
The Three Good Things intervention was self-administered daily for seven days. Participants are required to record three positive things that happened that day and add a brief summary of the reasons behind these events using a Google form prepared by the researchers.
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Active first- and second-year students in the D-III Nursing Program at Subang State Polytechnic.
- Willing to participate in the study by signing an informed consent form.
- Able to use Google Forms online for the intervention.
You may not qualify if:
- Students who are on academic leave.
- Students who did not complete the daily intervention until the end in groups 1 and 3.
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
Study Sites (1)
Subang State Polytechnic
Subang, West Java, 41211, Indonesia
Related Publications (36)
Zhan D, Xu L, Ouyang Y, Sawatzky R, Wong H. Methods for dealing with unequal cluster sizes in cluster randomized trials: A scoping review. PLoS One. 2021 Jul 29;16(7):e0255389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255389. eCollection 2021.
PMID: 34324593BACKGROUNDYosep I, Hikmat R, Mardhiyah A, Zamroni AH, Pranata Y, Saputra RL. Nursing interventions to reduce mental health problems in nursing students: a scoping review. BMC Nurs. 2025 Jul 1;24(1):780. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03329-w.
PMID: 40598211BACKGROUNDXiong, Y., & Higgins, M. J. (2020). The Benefits of Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling in Cluster-Randomized Experiments (No. arXiv:2002.08009). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.08009
BACKGROUNDXie H, Kang B. Mental Health of Nursing Students: A Bibliometric Review Based on CiteSpace Visual Analysis. J Nurs Manag. 2025 Mar 12;2025:2169094. doi: 10.1155/jonm/2169094. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 40223903BACKGROUNDWorld Health Organization. (2025). Mental Health of Adolescents. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
BACKGROUNDWillenberg L, Wulan N, Medise BE, Devaera Y, Riyanti A, Ansariadi A, Wiguna T, Kaligis F, Fisher J, Luchters S, Jameel A, Sawyer SM, Tran T, Kennedy E, Patton GC, Wiweko B, Azzopardi PS. Understanding mental health and its determinants from the perspective of adolescents: A qualitative study across diverse social settings in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Aug;52:102148. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102148. Epub 2020 May 6.
PMID: 32450491BACKGROUNDSucitayasa, I. M. (2025). Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Tingkat Satu Program Studi Sarjana Keperawatan Dan Pendidikan Profesi Ners Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana. Community of Publishing in Nursing, 13(1), 102-109.
BACKGROUNDSeligman ME, Steen TA, Park N, Peterson C. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol. 2005 Jul-Aug;60(5):410-21. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.
PMID: 16045394BACKGROUNDSafrin. (2020). Pendekatan Eksperimental dalam Penelitian Komunikasi. Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v3i1.810
BACKGROUNDRippstein-Leuenberger K, Mauthner O, Bryan Sexton J, Schwendimann R. A qualitative analysis of the Three Good Things intervention in healthcare workers. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 13;7(5):e015826. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015826.
PMID: 28611090BACKGROUNDRahmi, E. F., & Appulembang, Y. A. (2024). Konseling Kelompok Untuk Menurunkan Stress Akademik Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir S. PUSAKO : Jurnal Pengabdian Psikologi, 2(2), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.24036/pusako.v2i2.55
BACKGROUNDRadez J, Reardon T, Creswell C, Lawrence PJ, Evdoka-Burton G, Waite P. Why do children and adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Feb;30(2):183-211. doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01469-4. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
PMID: 31965309BACKGROUNDPusat Kesehatan Reproduksi UGM. (2021). Indonesia-National Adolescent Mental Health (I-NAMHS). https://pkr.fk.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/indonesia-national-adolescent-mental-health/#:~:text=Penelitian%20Indonesia%2DNational%20Adolescent%20Mental%20Survey%20(I%2DNAMHS),prevalensi%20penyakit%20mental%20pada%20remaja.
BACKGROUNDMccullough ME, Emmons RA, Tsang JA. The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Jan;82(1):112-27. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.112.
PMID: 11811629BACKGROUNDMat, N., Abdullah, N. A., Abu Hassan, N., & Juhdi, N. H. (2020). Pengaruh Nilai Kerja Terhadap Tingkah Laku Kerja Inovatif dan Kesejahteraan Psikologi: Modal Psikologi Sebagai Pengantara (the Influence of Work Values on Innovative Work Behaviour and Psychological Well-Being: The Psychological Capital as a Mediator). International Journal of Management Studies, 27. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms.27.1.2020.7674
BACKGROUNDLockertsen O, Lovhaug L, Davik NK, Bolgen BR, Faerden A, Skarstein S. Second-year undergraduate nursing students' experiences with clinical simulation training in mental health clinical practice: A focus group study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023 Jan;66:103534. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103534. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
PMID: 36563598BACKGROUNDLee N, Kim Y. A Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Gratitude Promotion Programs for South Korean College Students. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Mar 15;14(3):240. doi: 10.3390/bs14030240.
PMID: 38540543BACKGROUNDHumaidah, A., & Mulyono, R. (2025). Adaptasi Psychological Well-Being Short Scale pada Mahasiswa. 7(1).
BACKGROUNDHemarajarajeswari, J., & Gupta, P. K. (2021). Gratitude, Psychological Well-Being and Happiness Among College Students: A Correlational Study. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25215/0901.053
BACKGROUNDHamshire C, Jack K, Forsyth R, Langan AM, Harris WE. The wicked problem of healthcare student attrition. Nurs Inq. 2019 Jul;26(3):e12294. doi: 10.1111/nin.12294. Epub 2019 May 6.
PMID: 31056831BACKGROUNDGrimaldy, D. V., & Haryanto, H. C. (2020). Adaptation of Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) in Indonesian Context. Jurnal Psikologi, 47(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.39608
BACKGROUNDGold KJ, Dobson ML, Sen A. "Three Good Things" Digital Intervention Among Health Care Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Fam Med. 2023 May-Jun;21(3):220-226. doi: 10.1370/afm.2963.
PMID: 37217328BACKGROUNDGhania, S., & Prihatsanti, U. (2025). Faktpr-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Stres Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Di Indonesia: Studi Literatur. Jurnal Empati, 14(03), 265-273.
BACKGROUNDGarcia D, Kazemitabar M, Asgarabad MH. The 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale: psychometric properties based on classical test theory and item response theory. Front Psychol. 2023 Oct 3;14:1208300. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1208300. eCollection 2023.
PMID: 37854148BACKGROUNDFrey, B. B. (2018). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139
BACKGROUNDErskine HE, Maravilla JC, Wado YD, Wahdi AE, Loi VM, Fine SL, Li M, Ramaiya A, Wekesah FM, Odunga SA, Njeri A, Setyawan A, Astrini YP, Rachmawati R, Hoa DTK, Wallis K, McGrath C, Shadid J, Enright ME, Blondell SJ, Lawrence D, Fisher PW, Whiteford HA, Vinh ND, Wilopo SA, Kabiru CW, Blum RW, Scott JG. Prevalence of adolescent mental disorders in Kenya, Indonesia, and Viet Nam measured by the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS): a multi-national cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2024 Apr 27;403(10437):1671-1680. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02641-7. Epub 2024 Apr 5.
PMID: 38588689BACKGROUNDEl Karkri, M., Quesada, A., & Romero-Ariza, M. (2025). Methodological Aspects of the Solomon Four-Group Design: Detecting Pre-Test Sensitisation and Analysing Qualitative and Quantitative Variables in Education Research. Review of Education, 13(1), e70050. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70050
BACKGROUNDEfstathiou M, Kakaidi V, Tsitsas G, Mantzoukas S, Gouva M, Dragioti E. The prevalence of mental health issues among nursing students: An umbrella review synthesis of meta-analytic evidence. Int J Nurs Stud. 2025 Mar;163:104993. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.104993. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
PMID: 39809132BACKGROUNDDutta, U., & Teotia, A. (2022). Gratitude, Life Satisfaction And Forgiveness Among Acid Attack Victims: Rehabilitation Through Three Good Things Intervention. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 21(3). https://www.ojhas.org/issue83/2022-3-5.html
BACKGROUNDDonmez AA, Alici NK, Kapucu S, Elcin M. The effect of laughter yoga applied before simulation training on state anxiety, perceived stress levels, self-confidence and satisfaction in undergraduate nursing students: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023 Jul;70:103636. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103636. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
PMID: 37100026BACKGROUNDCohen, J. (2009). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2. ed., reprint). Psychology Press.
BACKGROUNDCanzan F, Saiani L, Mezzalira E, Allegrini E, Caliaro A, Ambrosi E. Why do nursing students leave bachelor program? Findings from a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs. 2022 Mar 29;21(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00851-z.
PMID: 35351118BACKGROUNDBartlett ML, Taylor H, Nelson JD. Comparison of Mental Health Characteristics and Stress Between Baccalaureate Nursing Students and Non-Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ. 2016 Feb;55(2):87-90. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20160114-05.
PMID: 26814818BACKGROUNDBadan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2024). Jumlah Penduduk Disabilitas Jawa Barat Menurut Kabupaten/Kota (Jiwa), 2022. https://jabar.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/ODk4IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-disabilitas-jawa-barat-menurut-kabupaten-kota.html
BACKGROUNDAloufi MA, Jarden RJ, Gerdtz MF, Kapp S. Reducing stress, anxiety and depression in undergraduate nursing students: Systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Jul;102:104877. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104877. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
PMID: 33905898BACKGROUNDCampbell MK, Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Altman DG; CONSORT Group. Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ. 2012 Sep 4;345:e5661. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e5661. No abstract available.
PMID: 22951546BACKGROUND
Related Links
- Consort 2010 Statement: Extension to Cluster Randomised Trials
- Reducing Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Undergraduate Nursing Students: Systematic Review
- Why Do Nursing Students Leave Bachelor Program? Findings from a Qualitative Descriptive Study
- The Effect of Laughter Yoga Applied Before Simulation Training on State Anxiety, Perceived Stress Levels, Self-Confidence and Satisfaction in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
- Gratitude, Life Satisfaction And Forgiveness Among Acid Attack Victims: Rehabilitation Through Three Good Things Intervention
- The Prevalence of Mental Health Issues Among Nursing Students: An Umbrella Review Synthesis of Meta-Analytic Evidence
- Prevalence of Adolescent Mental Disorders in Kenya, Indonesia, and Viet Nam Measured by the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS): A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study
- The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
- The 18-Item Swedish Version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale: Psychometric Properties Based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory
- Factors Affecting Academic Stress in Students in Indonesia: A Literature Study
- Second-Year Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experiences with Clinical Simulation Training in Mental Health Clinical Practice: A Focus Group Study
- the Influence of Work Values on Innovative Work Behaviour and Psychological Well-Being: The Psychological Capital as a Mediator
- Indonesia-National Adolescent Mental Health (I-NAMHS)
- Why Do Children and Adolescents (not) Seek and Access Professional Help for Their Mental Health Problems? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies
- Group Counseling to Reduce Academic Stress in Final Year Students
- A Qualitative Analysis of the Three Good Things Intervention in Healthcare Workers
- Experimental Approaches in Communication Research
- Understanding Mental Health and Its Determinants from the Perspective of Adolescents: A Qualitative Study Across Diverse Social Settings in Indonesia
- Mental Health of Adolescents
- The Benefits of Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling in Cluster-Randomized Experiments
- Nursing Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Problems in Nursing Students: A Scoping Review
- Methods for Dealing with Unequal Cluster Sizes in Cluster Randomized Trials: A Scoping Review
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Study Officials
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Yudisa Diaz Lutfi Sandi RN, MSN, RN., PhD
School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang
Central Study Contacts
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- SINGLE
- Who Masked
- PARTICIPANT
- Purpose
- PREVENTION
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
- PI Title
- Principal Investigator
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
December 16, 2025
First Posted
January 13, 2026
Study Start
December 23, 2025
Primary Completion
March 1, 2026
Study Completion
March 25, 2026
Last Updated
January 13, 2026
Record last verified: 2026-01
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will not share
Participant data will not be shared to maintain participant confidentiality and to comply with the ethical guidelines. Furthermore, the study protocol and informed consent process do not include provisions for sharing participant data with external parties.