Investigation of Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Balance and Sleep Quality in Patients With Bruxism

NCT07294833 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Gazi2710
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 34
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

It has been reported that patients with bruxism frequently present with upper respiratory tract symptoms such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and mouth breathing. Upper respiratory tract infections have been shown to reduce lung volumes, and individuals with bruxism commonly exhibit forward head posture, which is known to negatively affect postural balance. However, no studies have investigated respiratory function or respiratory muscle strength in patients with bruxism, and the number of studies evaluating balance in this population is limited. The aim of the present study is to assess respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, balance, and sleep quality in individuals with bruxism and to compare these outcomes with those of healthy controls.

Conditions

Bruxism; Respiratory Function; Sleep Quality; Balance

Keywords

bruxism; respiratory functions; respiratory muscle strength; balance; sleep quality

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Pulmonary function (Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1))

  Pulmonary function was assessed with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was assessed.

  First day

• Pulmonary function (Forced vital capacity (FVC))

  Pulmonary function was assesed with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, forced vital capacity (FVC) was assessed

  First Day

• Pulmonary function (FEV1 / FVC)

  Pulmonary function was assessed with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, FEV1 / FVC was assessed.

  First Day

• Pulmonary function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%))

  Pulmonary function was assessed with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%) was assessed

  First Day

• Pulmonary function (Peak flow rate (PEF))

  Pulmonary function was assessed with the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were made according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, peak flow rate (PEF) was assessed.

  First Day

• Respiratory Muscle Strength

  Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures expressing respiratory muscle strength were measured using a portable mouth pressure measuring device according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria

  First day

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Posture assessment

  First Day

• Balance

  First Day

• Sleep quality

  First Day

Study Arms (2)

Individuals with bruxism

Information about the diagnostic required for the study, type of bruxism, duration of symptoms, duration of diagnosis were recorded from the patient's files. All assessments were performed once, in a temperature-controlled, quiet laboratory setting, by experienced physiotherapists. The evaluated parameters included pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, balance performance, and sleep quality.

Health Controls

All assessments were performed once, in a temperature-controlled, quiet laboratory setting, by experienced physiotherapists. The evaluated parameters included pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, balance performance, and sleep quality.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Seventeen individuals with bruxism and 17 healthy controls were compared.

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18-65 years.
• Diagnosed with sleep or awake bruxism by a dentomaxillofacial radiologist.
• Diagnosis was based on subjective reports and clinical assessment according to the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) framework.
• Classified as probable bruxism, defined as the presence of:
• Self-reported behaviors (e.g., grinding, clenching, bracing), and
• Clinical signs (e.g., tooth wear, linea alba, masseter hypertrophy).
• Aged 18-65 years.
• Recruited through public campus advertisements.
• Matched for age and sex with the bruxism group.
• No history or symptoms of bruxism, confirmed by self-report and clinical examination.

You may not qualify if:

• History of smoking.
• Respiratory conditions affecting pulmonary function (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma).
• Difficulty understanding or following instructions.
• Presence of any dental or temporomandibular disorder other than bruxism.
• History of masseter botulinum toxin injection or facial/cervical trauma.
• Current use of sedatives, muscle relaxants, or centrally acting medications.
• Active orthodontic treatment.
• History of COVID-19 infection within the last six months.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Gazi University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Çankaya 06490

Ankara, Çankaya, 06490, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (7)

• Castroflorio T, Bargellini A, Rossini G, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Sleep bruxism in adolescents: a systematic literature review of related risk factors. Eur J Orthod. 2017 Feb;39(1):61-68. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjw012. Epub 2016 Feb 15.

  PMID: 26884421 RESULT

• Manfredini D, Bucci MB, Sabattini VB, Lobbezoo F. Bruxism: overview of current knowledge and suggestions for dental implants planning. Cranio. 2011 Oct;29(4):304-12. doi: 10.1179/crn.2011.045.

  PMID: 22128671 RESULT

• Cuccia A, Caradonna C. The relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009;64(1):61-6. doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000100011.

  PMID: 19142553 RESULT

• Fabozzi A, Steffanina A, Nicolai A, Olmati F, Bonini M, Palange P. The Impact of Lung Function on Sleep Monitoring in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases: Insights from a Clinical Study. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 17;13(20):6189. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206189.

  PMID: 39458139 RESULT

• Shaffer SW, Teyhen DS, Lorenson CL, Warren RL, Koreerat CM, Straseske CA, Childs JD. Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Mil Med. 2013 Nov;178(11):1264-70. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00222.

  PMID: 24183777 RESULT

• Laveneziana P, Albuquerque A, Aliverti A, Babb T, Barreiro E, Dres M, Dube BP, Fauroux B, Gea J, Guenette JA, Hudson AL, Kabitz HJ, Laghi F, Langer D, Luo YM, Neder JA, O'Donnell D, Polkey MI, Rabinovich RA, Rossi A, Series F, Similowski T, Spengler CM, Vogiatzis I, Verges S. ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing at rest and during exercise. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jun 13;53(6):1801214. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01214-2018. Print 2019 Jun.

  PMID: 30956204 RESULT

• Johnson JD, Theurer WM. A stepwise approach to the interpretation of pulmonary function tests. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Mar 1;89(5):359-66.

  PMID: 24695507 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Bruxism; Respiratory Aspiration; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Tooth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Habits; Behavior; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Betül Yoleri, MSc

  Gazi University

  STUDY CHAIR

• Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Prof

  Gazi University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Musa Güneş, PhD

  Karabük University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Nebiha Gözde İspir, MD

  Gazi University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Okan Karaoğlu, Pt

  Gazi University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Dilek Kaya, Pt

  Gazi University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Prof. Dr.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 8, 2025
• First Posted: December 19, 2025
• Study Start: June 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2024
• Study Completion: July 1, 2024
• Last Updated: December 19, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-12

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)