Type D Personality, Somatization and Perceived Social Support in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

NCT07292064 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 124/2025
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 90
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D personality traits, somatization disorder, and perceived social support in individuals diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders. Temporomandibular joint disorders are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that affect the jaw joint, chewing muscles, and related structures, leading to pain and functional difficulties. Psychological and social factors, such as personality traits and emotional distress, have been shown to influence the development and persistence of these disorders. The research was conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study between February and June 2025 in Gaziantep City Hospital. Adult participants between 18 and 65 years of age who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders were compared with healthy individuals of similar age and gender. Participants completed validated questionnaires that assessed mandibular function, anxiety and depression symptoms, Type D personality traits, somatization tendencies, and levels of perceived social support. The purpose of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological and social dimensions that may contribute to the onset and course of temporomandibular joint disorders.

Conditions

Somatization Disorder; Type D Personality; Perceived Social Support; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Keywords

Temporomandibular Joint Pain; Psychosocial Factors; Personality Traits; Social Inhibition; Negative Affectivity; Mandibular Function; Anxiety and Depression; Biopsychosocial Model

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Type D Personality Traits

  The primary outcome of this study was the evaluation of Type D personality traits in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders compared to healthy controls. Type D personality was assessed with a fourteen-item scale measuring two main dimensions: negative emotions and social inhibition. Each item is scored from zero to four. A score of ten or more in both dimensions indicates the presence of Type D personality traits. The Turkish version of the scale has been validated and shown to be reliable. Higher total scores indicate stronger negative emotional responses and greater social inhibition.

  At the time of study enrollment.

• the Somatization Scale

  Somatic symptom severity was measured using a thirty-three-item true or false questionnaire. Seventeen items are reverse-coded to control for response bias. One point is given for each correct standard response and for incorrect responses to reverse-coded items. The total score ranges from zero to thirty-three, with higher scores reflecting more pronounced somatization tendencies. The Turkish version of this instrument has demonstrated reliability and construct validity in previous psychometric evaluations.

  At the time of study enrollment.

• the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

  Perceived emotional and practical support was evaluated using a twelve-item questionnaire measuring three main sources of support: family, friends, and a significant other. Each statement is rated on a seven-point scale ranging from one (very strongly disagree) to seven (very strongly agree). Subscale scores range from four to twenty-eight, and total scores range from twelve to eighty-four. Higher scores indicate greater perceived social support. The Turkish version of this scale has been shown to have high reliability and validity

  At the time of study enrollment.

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

  At the time of study enrollment

• the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire

  At the time of study enrollment.

Study Arms (2)

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Group

Adults aged 18-65 years who were clinically diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders at the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Gaziantep City Hospital. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating mandibular function, anxiety, depression, personality traits, somatization, and perceived social support. No medical or pharmacological intervention was applied.

Healthy Control Group

Healthy adults aged 18-65 years with no diagnosis or symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. The control participants were matched to the patient group by age and gender and completed the same psychological and functional assessment questionnaires.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 to 65 years who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders and presented to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic at Gaziantep City Hospital. In addition, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without temporomandibular joint disorders were included as the control group.

You may qualify if:

• Adults aged 18-65 years
• Ability to read and write
• Cognitively intact
• Patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders or healthy volunteers

You may not qualify if:

• Younger than 18 years or older than 65 years
• Illiteracy
• Cognitive impairment

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Gaziantep City Hospital: collaborator
• Gulseren Demir Karakilic: lead
• Bozok University: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Yozgat, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (7)

• Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.

  PMID: 2280326 BACKGROUND

• Eker, D., Cok boyutlu algilanan sosyal destek olceginin gozden gecirilmis formunun faktor yapisi, gecerlik ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2001. 12: p. 17-25.

  BACKGROUND

• Dülgerler, Ş., İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinde somatizasyon ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Unpublished master dissertation). Ege University, İzmir, 2000.

  BACKGROUND

• Öncü, E. and S.K. Vayısoğlu, D tipi kişilik ölçeğinin Türk toplumunda geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Ankara Medical Journal, 2018. 18(4): p. 646-656.

  BACKGROUND

• Denollet J. DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;67(1):89-97. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49.

  PMID: 15673629 BACKGROUND

• Aydemir, Ö., et al., Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 1997. 8(4): p. 280-7.

  BACKGROUND

• Kılınç, H.E., et al., Further Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 2022. 7(1): p. 214-222.

  BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Somatoform Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Depression

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Craniomandibular Disorders; Mandibular Diseases; Jaw Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Joint Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Mental Disorders; Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Study Officials

• Gülseren Demir Karakılıç, Assistant Professor

  Yozgat Bozok University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CONTROL
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor, Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 5, 2025
• First Posted: December 18, 2025
• Study Start: February 20, 2025
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2025
• Study Completion: June 30, 2025
• Last Updated: December 29, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-12

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ICF
• Time Frame: The individual participant data and supporting documents will be available beginning six months after publication of the main results and will remain available for a minimum of five years.
• Access Criteria: Individual participant data and supporting documents will be accessible to qualified researchers upon submission of a reasonable request to the corresponding author. Requests should include a methodologically sound research proposal and a commitment to use the data only for research purposes. Data will be shared in de-identified form to protect participant confidentiality.

Locations

TU (1)