NCT07278401

Brief Summary

Type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study using a quasi-experimental, difference-in-difference (DID) design to deliver a comprehensive social needs screening and navigation program by integrating Community Health Workers (CHWs) into community pharmacies across under-resourced areas in Western New York (WNY).

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
1,600

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
13mo left

Started Oct 2025

Geographic Reach
1 country

5 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress36%
Oct 2025Jun 2027

Study Start

First participant enrolled

October 1, 2025

Completed
2 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 1, 2025

Completed
11 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 12, 2025

Completed
12 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2026

Expected
6 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2027

Last Updated

December 12, 2025

Status Verified

November 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

1.2 years

First QC Date

December 1, 2025

Last Update Submit

December 1, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

Social Determinants of HealthCommunity Pharmacies

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Effectiveness Outcomes

    Primary effectiveness outcomes in composite healthcare utilization including hospital admissions and ED visits at 12 months, and we hypothesize that utilization will be reduced in subjects who receive a pharmacy social needs intervention.

    12 months

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Cost Analysis

    12 months

Study Arms (2)

Social needs screenings control group

NO INTERVENTION

Individuals within the same healthcare system that are matched based on similar characteristics.

Social needs screenings and referrals participants

OTHER

Patients who have been identified to have needs via the screening survey who are referred to a community based organization by the pharmacist navigator.

Other: Social needs screenings and referrals

Interventions

Community pharmacies will distribute social needs screening surveys to patients and refer them to local community based organizations based off of identified needs.

Social needs screenings and referrals participants

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Adult subjects ≥ 18 years
  • English speaking
  • Presenting to one of the participating pharmacies. For the pharmacies to be included, they must be enrolled within the Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network - NY (CPESN-NY) or associated with Tops Pharmacies. The pharmacies must have the ability to collaborate with Healthelink and referring partners (e.g., Wellconnected) and the staffing capacity to have a SDoH screening program with Community Health Worker Training. The pharmacies' physical address must be located within Erie County

You may not qualify if:

  • Subjects ≤ 18 years

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (5)

Black Rock Pharmacy

Buffalo, New York, 14207, United States

RECRUITING

Vital Pharmacy

Buffalo, New York, 14213, United States

RECRUITING

Riverview Professional Pharmacy

Buffalo, New York, 14226, United States

RECRUITING

Middleport Family Health Center

Middleport, New York, 14105, United States

RECRUITING

Niagara Apothecary

Niagara Falls, New York, 14304, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (26)

  • Morse JM. Determining sample size. Qual Health Res. 2000;10(1):3-5. doi: Doi 10.1177/104973200129118183. PubMed PMID: WOS:000084385600001.

    BACKGROUND
  • Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Method. 2006;18(1):59-82. doi: 10.1177/1525822x05279903. PubMed PMID: WOS:000242853100004.

    BACKGROUND
  • Daly CJ, Costello J, Mak A, Quinn B, Lindenau R, Jacobs DM. Pharmacists' perceptions on patient care services and social determinants of health within independent community pharmacies in an enhanced services network. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2021;4(3):288-95. doi: 10.1002/jac5.1398. PubMed PMID: WOS:000710530900005.

    BACKGROUND
  • LaForge K, Gold R, Cottrell E, Bunce AE, Proser M, Hollombe C, Dambrun K, Cohen DJ, Clark KD. How 6 Organizations Developed Tools and Processes for Social Determinants of Health Screening in Primary Care: An Overview. J Ambul Care Manage. 2018 Jan/Mar;41(1):2-14. doi: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000221.

    PMID: 28990990BACKGROUND
  • Committee on the Recommended Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures for Electronic Health Records; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of Medicine. Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains in Electronic Health Records: Phase 1. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014 Jun 23. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195994/

    PMID: 24757748BACKGROUND
  • Feldstein AC, Glasgow RE. A practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM) for integrating research findings into practice. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008 Apr;34(4):228-43. doi: 10.1016/s1553-7250(08)34030-6.

    PMID: 18468362BACKGROUND
  • Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, Griffey R, Hensley M. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011 Mar;38(2):65-76. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7.

    PMID: 20957426BACKGROUND
  • Buitron de la Vega P, Ashe EM, Xuan Z, Gast V, Saint-Phard T, Brody-Fialkin J, Okonkwo F, Power J, Wang N, Lyons C, Silverstein M, Lasser KE. A Pharmacy Liaison-Patient Navigation Intervention to Reduce Inpatient and Emergency Department Utilization Among Primary Care Patients in a Medicaid Accountable Care Organization: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jan 3;6(1):e2250004. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50004.

    PMID: 36622674BACKGROUND
  • Handley MA, Lyles CR, McCulloch C, Cattamanchi A. Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018 Apr 1;39:5-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

    PMID: 29328873BACKGROUND
  • Daly CJ, Quinn B, Mak A, Jacobs DM. Community Pharmacists' Perceptions of Patient Care Services within an Enhanced Service Network. Pharmacy (Basel). 2020 Sep 16;8(3):172. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030172.

    PMID: 32947887BACKGROUND
  • Martinez LS, Russell B, Rubin CL, Leslie LK, Brugge D. Clinical and translational research and community engagement: implications for researcher capacity building. Clin Transl Sci. 2012 Aug;5(4):329-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00433.x. Epub 2012 Jun 28.

    PMID: 22883610BACKGROUND
  • Wheat L, Roane TE, Connelly A, Zeigler M, Wallace J, Kim JH, Segal R. Using a pharmacist-community health worker collaboration to address medication adherence barriers. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020 Nov-Dec;60(6):1009-1014. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.08.021. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

    PMID: 32943338BACKGROUND
  • Ruiz Escobar E, Pathak S, Blanchard CM. Screening and Referral Care Delivery Services and Unmet Health-Related Social Needs: A Systematic Review. Prev Chronic Dis. 2021 Aug 12;18:E78. doi: 10.5888/pcd18.200569.

    PMID: 34387188BACKGROUND
  • Gundersen C, Ziliak JP. Food Insecurity And Health Outcomes. Health Aff (Millwood). 2015 Nov;34(11):1830-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645.

    PMID: 26526240BACKGROUND
  • Berkowitz SA, Hulberg AC, Hong C, Stowell BJ, Tirozzi KJ, Traore CY, Atlas SJ. Addressing basic resource needs to improve primary care quality: a community collaboration programme. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016 Mar;25(3):164-72. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004521. Epub 2015 Nov 30.

    PMID: 26621916BACKGROUND
  • Hood CM, Gennuso KP, Swain GR, Catlin BB. County Health Rankings: Relationships Between Determinant Factors and Health Outcomes. Am J Prev Med. 2016 Feb;50(2):129-35. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.024. Epub 2015 Oct 31.

    PMID: 26526164BACKGROUND
  • Austin CP. Opportunities and challenges in translational science. Clin Transl Sci. 2021 Sep;14(5):1629-1647. doi: 10.1111/cts.13055. Epub 2021 Jul 8.

    PMID: 33982407BACKGROUND
  • Foster AA, Daly CJ, Leong R, Stoll J, Butler M, Jacobs DM. Integrating community health workers within a pharmacy to address health-related social needs. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2023 May-Jun;63(3):799-806.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.01.006. Epub 2023 Jan 11.

    PMID: 36710147BACKGROUND
  • Foster AA, Daly CJ, Logan T, Logan R Jr, Jarvis H, Croce J, Jalal Z, Trygstad T, Jacobs DM. Implementation and evaluation of social determinants of health practice models within community pharmacy. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2022 Jul-Aug;62(4):1407-1416. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.02.005. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

    PMID: 35256284BACKGROUND
  • Foster AA, Daly CJ, Logan T, Logan R Jr, Jarvis H, Croce J, Jalal Z, Trygstad T, Bowers D, Clark B, Moore S, Jacobs DM. Addressing social determinants of health in community pharmacy: Innovative opportunities and practice models. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021 Sep-Oct;61(5):e48-e54. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.04.022. Epub 2021 May 4.

    PMID: 34023279BACKGROUND
  • Berenbrok LA, Gabriel N, Coley KC, Hernandez I. Evaluation of Frequency of Encounters With Primary Care Physicians vs Visits to Community Pharmacies Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jul 1;3(7):e209132. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9132.

    PMID: 32667653BACKGROUND
  • Guadamuz JS, Alexander GC, Zenk SN, Qato DM. Assessment of Pharmacy Closures in the United States From 2009 Through 2015. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jan 1;180(1):157-160. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4588.

    PMID: 31633745BACKGROUND
  • Qato DM, Zenk S, Wilder J, Harrington R, Gaskin D, Alexander GC. The availability of pharmacies in the United States: 2007-2015. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 16;12(8):e0183172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183172. eCollection 2017.

    PMID: 28813473BACKGROUND
  • Andermann A. Screening for social determinants of health in clinical care: moving from the margins to the mainstream. Public Health Rev. 2018 Jun 22;39:19. doi: 10.1186/s40985-018-0094-7. eCollection 2018.

    PMID: 29977645BACKGROUND
  • Fraze TK, Brewster AL, Lewis VA, Beidler LB, Murray GF, Colla CH. Prevalence of Screening for Food Insecurity, Housing Instability, Utility Needs, Transportation Needs, and Interpersonal Violence by US Physician Practices and Hospitals. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Sep 4;2(9):e1911514. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11514.

    PMID: 31532515BACKGROUND
  • Adler NE, Glymour MM, Fielding J. Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities. JAMA. 2016 Oct 25;316(16):1641-1642. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.14058. No abstract available.

    PMID: 27669456BACKGROUND

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Referral and Consultation

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Professional PracticeOrganization and AdministrationHealth Services Administration

Central Study Contacts

Christopher Daly

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
SCREENING
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Model Details: This is a single intervention group with a matched control group with a local health information exchange.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 1, 2025

First Posted

December 12, 2025

Study Start

October 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2027

Last Updated

December 12, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Locations