Normative Data for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Adults

NCT07275619 | Enrolling By Invitation DMC

• 1 other identifier: nida naz
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 800
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a physical attribute which represents how effectively various bodily systems work together to transport and utilize oxygen to support muscular activity during prolonged, rhythmic, large-muscle, whole-body exercise. A key element associated with physical fitness is VO2max, which is referred to as cardiorespiratory fitness. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max. This study will be cross sectional, normative study. Healthy adults aged 18-65 years from community setting will be recruited through non probability convenient sampling technique to collect data as per inclusion criteria. Sample size will be approximately 800, consist of equal ratio of males and females. Heart Rate, Recovery Heart Rate, VO2 max and METS will be calculated of each subject. Following equation is used to calculate VO2max, for females: VO2max = 65.81- \[0.1847× HR\] for males: VO2max = 111.33- \[0.42× HR\]. Data analysis will be conducted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.

Conditions

Healthy Adults

Keywords

Adults; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Normative; Queen's college step test; VO2max

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Queen's college step test

  QCST will be used to estimate the VO2max. The step test will be performed using a tool of 16.25 inches height. Stepping will be performed for a total duration of 3 minutes at the rate of 22 steps per minute for females and 24 steps per minute for males which will be set by a metronome. After completing the stepping , the subject remains standing, wait 5 seconds, take a 15s heart rate count and multiply the HR by 4 to convert into beats per minute. following equation is used to predict VO2max. For females: VO2max = 65.81- \[0.1847× HR\] For males: VO2max = 111.33- \[0.42× HR\] The reliability and validity of queen's college step test is 0.92 and 0.75 respectively.

  one time point

• pulse oximeter

  Heart rate will be calculated by pulse oximeter. After completing the stepping , the subject remains standing, wait 5 seconds, take a 15s heart rate count and multiply the HR by 4 to convert into beats per minute.

  one time point

• Recovery Heart Rate

  Recovery heart rate will be measure by substracting the heart rate after 1 minute from the peak heart rate which will be compare with standard values to check the heart health.

  one time point

• METS

  Metabolic equivalents of task (METS) will be calculated dividing VO2max by 3.5ml/kg/min. METS = VO2 MAX ÷ 3.5 ml/kg/min

  one time point

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• stadiometer

  one time point

• weighing machine

  one time point

• Body Mass Index

  one time point

Study Arms (4)

Cohort 1: 18 - 29 years

Cohort 1 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

Cohort 2: 30 - 41 years

Cohort 2 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

Cohort 3: 42 - 53 years

Cohort 3 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

Cohort 4: 54 - 65 years

Cohort 4 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

healthy adults

You may qualify if:

• Pakistani Adults of age group 18-65 according to ACSM's guidelines
• Current healthy adults recruited by filling PAR\_Q test
• IPAQ short form will be administered, Participants scoring moderate or high activity level will be selected to perform QCST
• BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 - ≤ 24.9 kg/m2
• Resting spO2 \>95%
• Resting heart rate ≥60bpm and ≤100bpm
• Mentally and physically fit adults without any physical, physiological and psychological issues

You may not qualify if:

• Presence of any acute/chronic illness Any cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, psychological, musculoskeletal or orthopedic condition and history of surgery Individuals taking any medical treatment History of active smoking

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Riphah International University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Riphah International University, Lahore

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000, Pakistan

Location

Related Publications (9)

• Kunutsor SK, Isiozor NM, Myers J, Seidu S, Khunti K, Laukkanen JA. Baseline and usual cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of chronic kidney disease: A prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies. Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1761-1774. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00727-3. Epub 2023 Jan 17.

  PMID: 36646903 BACKGROUND

• Rossi Neto JM, Tebexreni AS, Alves ANF, Smanio PEP, de Abreu FB, Thomazi MC, Nishio PA, Cuninghant IA. Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 18,189 participants who underwent treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 9;14(1):e0209897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209897. eCollection 2019.

  PMID: 30625200 BACKGROUND

• Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Myers J. Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Data From the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Nov;90(11):1515-23. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.026. Epub 2015 Oct 5.

  PMID: 26455884 BACKGROUND

• Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom O, Andersson G, Wallin P, Soderling J, Hemmingsson E, Ekblom B. Decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in the Swedish working force between 1995 and 2017. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Feb;29(2):232-239. doi: 10.1111/sms.13328. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

  PMID: 30351472 BACKGROUND

• Hills AP, Jayasinghe S, Arena R, Byrne NM. Global status of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity - Are we improving or getting worse? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Mar-Apr;83:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.008. Epub 2024 Feb 27.

  PMID: 38417767 BACKGROUND

• Sloan RA. Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 May 16;21(5):635. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21050635.

  PMID: 38791849 BACKGROUND

• Dourado VZ, Nishiaka RK, Simoes MSMP, Lauria VT, Tanni SE, Godoy I, Gagliardi ART, Romiti M, Arantes RL. Classification of cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test in adults: Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Pulmonology. 2021 Nov-Dec;27(6):500-508. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 May 4.

  PMID: 33958319 BACKGROUND

• Liu Y, Zhu J, Guo Z, Yu J, Zhang X, Ge H, Zhu Y. Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and incident risk of cardiovascular disease in China. BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 24;23(1):2338. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16864-5.

  PMID: 38001416 BACKGROUND

• Lang JJ, Prince SA, Merucci K, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Chaput JP, Fraser BJ, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Ortega FB, Singh B, Tomkinson GR. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong and consistent predictor of morbidity and mortality among adults: an overview of meta-analyses representing over 20.9 million observations from 199 unique cohort studies. Br J Sports Med. 2024 May 2;58(10):556-566. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107849.

  PMID: 38599681 BACKGROUND

Related Links

• Related Info

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 27, 2025
• First Posted: December 10, 2025
• Study Start: December 15, 2025
• Primary Completion: March 15, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2026
• Last Updated: December 10, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Locations

PA (1)