Effect of Buteyko Breathing Exercise Combined With Postural Stability Exercises on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Young Adult Smokers

NCT07257783 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: O6U.P.T.REC/024/003002
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 46
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises on maximal oxygen consumption, pulmonary functions, oxygen saturation, functional capacity, and perceived exertion in young adult smokers. Subjects and procedures: Forty male smokers were recruit-ed from Nahda university. Their age ranged between 18-30 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups equal in number. Study Group: They participated in 6 weeks training with Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises (3 sessions per week) Control group: They weren't exposed to any intervention. Both groups were assessed by using pulse oximeter to measure oxy-gen saturation, Spirostilk to measure pulmonary functions, Borg scale to measure perceived exertion and six-minute walk test to measure functional capacity and maximal oxygen consumption.

Conditions

Smoking ( Cigarette)

Keywords

Buteyko breathing exercise; Postural stability exercises; maximal oxygen consumption; young adult smokers

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• maximal oxygen consumption

  it is the highest rate at which the body can take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during intense exercise. It is considered a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness and endurance performance. Measured in: Milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). it was calculated by estimated method from six minute walk test by this equation 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2)

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• oxygen saturation

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

• forced viral capacity

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

• perceived rate of exertion

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

• Functional capacity

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks

• the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second to forced vital capacity

  From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week

Study Arms (2)

control group

NO INTERVENTION

smokers didn't receive any intervention just measurement at the start of the study and at the end of the study

study group

EXPERIMENTAL

Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises

Other: Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises

Interventions

Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises OTHER

BBE: The therapist instructs the patient to sit comfortably, breathing naturally through the nose. They should hold their breath until the need to inhale arises, then exhale through the nasal passage. The patient maintains a straight back with feet shoulder-width apart, eyes closed, breathing calmly. After 20-30 seconds, they repeat the exercises for 3 minutes, followed by another pause and repetition. This is done for another 3 minutes, ending with a 2-minute rest before the next session. Duration: 15 minutes. PSE :Warming up phase: shoulder circles and twist torso during walking for 5 minutes. Training phase include 10-15 reps per set, 2-4 sets per exercise,30-60 seconds rest period between sets. Cooling down phase includes hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds, 2-4 reps per per side and rest for 15-30 seconds between reps. Bridging Side-lying leg raise Wall push-ups Lateral trunk flexion Chin tuck Stretch pectoralis major muscle,upper trapezius \& SCM All these for 3/week for 6 weeks

study group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: In many populations, especially in developing countries, smoking is more common among men than women.This means:It's easier to recruit enough male participants \& The sample better reflects the main smoking population To Avoid Hormonal and Biological Variability
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Cigarette Smokers.
• Smoking period from 3 to 7 years
• They were medically stable.
• Age between 18 to 30 years.
• Male gender only was allowed to participate.
• They had the ability to perform exercises.
• Body mass index ranges from 21 to 25.

You may not qualify if:

• Smokers diagnosed with any chronic disease or orthopedic problems.
• Mental disorders.
• Current intervention for cancer or active infection
• Obese their BMI above 26 and athlete people
• People who participated in any activity such as walking for long periods and swimming

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed: lead

Study Sites (1)

faculty of physical therapy Nahda University

Banī Suwayf, Egypt

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Cigarette Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Tobacco Smoking; Smoking; Behavior; Tobacco Use

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Teaching Assistant at Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine & Geriatrics Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt

Model Details: Treatment group and control group

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 17, 2025
• First Posted: December 2, 2025
• Study Start: July 20, 2024
• Primary Completion: December 1, 2024
• Study Completion: January 10, 2025
• Last Updated: December 2, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Locations

EG (1)