NCT05240287

Brief Summary

Introduction:The results of studies evaluating balance, plantar pressure analysis, and gait in adults with pes planus have differed in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate balance, plantar pressure, and gait in adults with pes planus and compare them with adults without pes planus. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted at the Ministry of Youth and Sports, Athletic Training and Research Center. A total of 118 individuals, 59 individuals with pes planus and 59 individuals without pes planus, will be included in the study according to the Navicular Drop Test and Foot Posture Index. In the study, the descriptive characteristics of the individuals will be recorded. Static and dynamic balance measurements, plantar pressure analysis and gait analysis of individuals will be performed, and the two groups will be compared. Results: The data will be analyzed using the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The data will be expressed as mean standard deviation (X±SD) and number (n%). The homogeneity of the groups will be evaluated with the Levene Test. Balance, plantar pressure, and walking values between the groups will be compared using the "Mann Whitney-U" Test. All the statistical analyses will be set a priori at an alpha level of p\<0.05. Discussion: The results will be discussed in the light of the recent literature. In the literature, there are conflicting results about the balance and gait of adults with pes planus. The study can contribute to the literature in this respect.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
108

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Feb 2022

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 20, 2021

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 10, 2022

Completed
5 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 15, 2022

Completed
1 month until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

March 30, 2022

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

March 30, 2022

Completed
Last Updated

April 5, 2022

Status Verified

April 1, 2022

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

November 20, 2021

Last Update Submit

April 4, 2022

Conditions

Keywords

pes planusbalancegait

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Static and Dynamic Balance

    Balance is the ability to keep the body's center of gravity within the acceptable limits of the support surface during activities such as sitting, standing, or gait. Static and dynamic balance and stability limit values of individuals will be evaluated with the HUR Smart Balance (SME Inc, USA) balance measurement device.

    10 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (7)

  • Plantar Pressure Analysis-weight transfer

    5 minutes

  • Plantar Pressure Analysis- left-right foot rotation

    5 minutes

  • Plantar Pressure Analysis- the center of gravity movement

    5 minutes

  • Plantar Pressure Analysis- swing area

    5 minutes

  • Gait analysis-Joint angles

    5 minutes

  • +2 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Study group -adults with pes planus

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

* Individuals between the ages of 20-45 * Individuals with bilateral pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test and Foot Posture Index

Diagnostic Test: Navicular Drop TestDiagnostic Test: Foot Posture IndexDiagnostic Test: BalanceDiagnostic Test: Plantar Pressure AnalysisDiagnostic Test: Gait Analysis

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)

OTHER

* Individuals between the ages of 20-45 * Individuals without pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test and Foot Posture Index

Diagnostic Test: Navicular Drop TestDiagnostic Test: Foot Posture IndexDiagnostic Test: BalanceDiagnostic Test: Plantar Pressure AnalysisDiagnostic Test: Gait Analysis

Interventions

Navicular Drop TestDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The researchers will measure the distance between the navicular tuberosity and the ground with a caliper with non-weight bearing in sitting. After that, the distance between the ground and the navicular tuberosity will be measured in standing while weight-bearing. The researchers will evaluate both sides and record the value in mm. According to Navicular Drop Test, the difference between weighted and unweighted measurements is considered normal (neutral) if it is between 5 and 9 mm, pronation (pes planus) if it is 10 mm or more, and supination (pes cavus) if it is 4 mm or less. In our study, individuals with a difference of 10 mm or more in both feet will be included in the pes planus, and individuals with a difference between 5-9 mm will be included in the control group.

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)Study group -adults with pes planus
Foot Posture IndexDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The index consists of six items in which the foot is evaluated observationally. In the evaluation, the individual is asked to stand in a comfortable and relaxed position. The researcher observes the medial longitudinal arch structure, the structure of the talonavicular joint region, the degree of abduction/adduction in the forefoot relative to the hindfoot in the front part of the foot. In the back foot, inversion/eversion of the calcaneus, talus head position, and curvatures above and below the lateral malleolus are evaluated. The total score is reached by scoring each criterion between -2 and +2 values. 0; neutral position, (+) values; pronation (pes planus), (-) values indicate supination (pes cavus). Individuals with +6 to +12 points from this index will be included in our study.

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)Study group -adults with pes planus
BalanceDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Static and dynamic balance and stability limit values of individuals will be evaluated with the HUR Smart Balance (SME Inc, USA) balance measurement device. The device consists of a computer and a platform on which individuals can place their feet. For static balance measurement, individuals will be asked to place their feet on the marked places on the platform. The researchers will evaluate the balance in four different situations, 30 seconds each. In the first test, individuals keep the balance on firm ground with their eyes open. The second test performed on the firm ground with eyes closed, in the third test, on the soft ground with eyes open, and in the fourth test, on the soft ground with eyes closed. For dynamic balance, individuals will be asked to extend their body weight to the front, back, and sides with their feet in 4 different directions for 8 seconds.

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)Study group -adults with pes planus

Plantar pressure analysis of individuals will be evaluated by measuring with the DIERS Pedoscan DICAM 3 v3.10.8 (2019) device. DIERS Pedoscan is a system integrated into the treadmill that measures the pressure distribution on the sole during stance. As a result of this evaluation, right-left and anterior-posterior weight transfer, left-right foot rotation, lateral mobility, the center of gravity movement, and swing area data will be recorded.

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)Study group -adults with pes planus
Gait AnalysisDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Gait analysis of individuals will be evaluated with the DIERS Leg Axis DICAM 3 v3.10.8 (2019) system. The system consists of a treadmill, computer, and cameras. Before the measurement, colored markers will be placed on the knee and ankle joints of the individual. For gait assessment, individuals will walk at their preferred comfortable walking speed. In the evaluation, joint angles, walking speed, step lengths are recorded. Evaluation time is approximately 5 minutes.

Control group -adults without pes planus (normal foot)Study group -adults with pes planus

Eligibility Criteria

Age20 Years - 45 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Individuals between the ages of 20-45
  • Individuals with bilateral pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test and Foot Posture Index
  • Individuals between the ages of 20-45
  • Individuals without pes planus according to the Navicular Drop Test and Foot Posture Index

You may not qualify if:

  • Individuals who had trauma, fall, injury in the last six months
  • Individuals who have a chronic disease that affects gait and balance
  • Individuals who have had lower extremity surgery
  • Individuals who received any medical treatment during the study.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Baskent University

Ankara, 06790, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Flatfoot

Interventions

Gait Analysis

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

TalipesFoot Deformities, AcquiredFoot DeformitiesMusculoskeletal DiseasesFoot Deformities, CongenitalLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalLimb Deformities, CongenitalMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesCongenital AbnormalitiesCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

GaitPhysical ExaminationDiagnostic Techniques and ProceduresDiagnosisPhysical Functional PerformancePhysical FitnessHealthPopulation Characteristics

Study Officials

  • Hasan Yasin Acar, PT

    Baskent University

    STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
SCREENING
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assoc. Prof.

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 20, 2021

First Posted

February 15, 2022

Study Start

February 10, 2022

Primary Completion

March 30, 2022

Study Completion

March 30, 2022

Last Updated

April 5, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations