Respiratory and Anxiety Status of Music Students

NCT07228910 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: Music
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 233
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

This study aims to determine the prevalence and patterns of dysfunctional breathing (DB) among music students and to investigate its relationship with music performance anxiety (MPA). Dysfunctional breathing, also known as a breathing pattern disorder, refers to maladaptive respiratory patterns not explained by medical conditions such as asthma and is associated with symptoms like hyperventilation, poor breathing control, and abnormal respiratory mechanics. Given that MPA is common among musicians and often accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, tremor, and shortness of breath, this study explores whether DB contributes to or is influenced by performance-related anxiety in this population.

Conditions

Dysfunctional Breathing; Breathing Patterns

Keywords

Dysfunctional breathing; Breathing patterns; Music students; Music performance anxiety

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Dysfunctional breathing

  An umbrella term used to describe a harmful adaptation in breathing that cannot be explained by a medical diagnosis such as asthma. The Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ) will be used to assess dysfunctional breathing. The SEBQ is a scale developed to identify the nature of unexplained symptoms commonly reported by individuals with dysfunctional breathing. It was designed to capture all domains of respiratory symptoms, regardless of whether the individual has hyperventilation syndrome. The questionnaire consists of 25 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3 (0 = never / not true at all, 1 = occasionally / somewhat true, 2 = often / mostly true, 3 = very often / very true). Higher scores indicate a greater degree of breathing dysfunction

  15 minutes drom enrollment

• Breathing pattern

  The Breathing Pattern Assessment Tool (BPAT) will be used to assess breathing pattern. The BPAT is a clinician-administered assessment developed to evaluate breathing pattern disorders. Its validity has been confirmed for screening breathing pattern dysfunction in patients with asthma or unexplained dyspnea. During the assessment, the participant is seated in a chair with back support while the clinician evaluates seven components of the breathing pattern: abdominal and chest wall movements, inspiratory and expiratory sounds, sighing or other signs of air hunger, nasal and oral breathing, breathing rate, and rhythmicity of the pattern. Each item is scored from 0 to 2, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 14. Higher scores indicate a greater likelihood of breathing pattern disorder. A total score of ≥4 is considered a positive screen, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 75%.

  15-30 minutes from enrollment

• Music performance anxiety

  The Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI) will be used to assess the level and underlying causes of music performance anxiety. T. The inventory consists of 25 items grouped under five subscales: (1) Negative Performance Perception (items 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25), (2) Psychological Vulnerability (items 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 21), (3) Somatic Anxiety (item 4), (4) Personal Control (item 17), and (5) Physiological Vulnerability (item 20). Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree), yielding a total score between 0 and 150. Scores of 105 and above indicate high music performance anxiety, whereas scores of 45 and below indicate low anxiety levels.

  30-45 minutes from enrollment

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Music department students from three different universities (Munzur University, Gaziantep University and, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University) will be invited to our study.

You may qualify if:

• Being a student of music department
• Playing an instrument for at least 1 year
• Volunteer

You may not qualify if:

• Having any respiratory disease (Asthma , COPD etc.)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Pamukkale University: lead

Study Officials

• Erhan KIZMAZ, PhD

  University of Gaziantep

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Erhan KIZMAZ, PhD

CONTACT

+90 541 896 66 76; erhankizmaz@hotmail.com

Ayşenur YILMAZ, PhD

CONTACT

+90 543 283 38 19

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 13, 2025
• First Posted: November 14, 2025
• Study Start: December 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: December 31, 2025
• Study Completion: January 31, 2026
• Last Updated: November 14, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11