Warm-Up Effects on Adolescent Goalkeepers' Performance

NCT07180667 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: 207-01-08Uşak University
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 15
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of different warm-up protocols on performance outcomes in adolescent male football goalkeepers. Specifically, it investigates the impact of aerobic running, static stretching, dynamic stretching, and movement preparation on flexibility, explosive power, and dynamic balance.

Conditions

Healhty; Adolescent; Football; Warm-up

Keywords

Warm-up protocols,; Youth goalkeepers; Motor performance; Dynamic stretching; Balance; Explosive strength

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Flexibility (Sit and Reach)

  Flexibility of the posterior chain was assessed using the sit-and-reach test with a standardized measurement box. Participants performed three trials barefoot with knees fully extended, and the best score was recorded in centimeters.

  Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).

• Explosive Lower-Limb Power (Standing Long Jump)

  Explosive horizontal power was measured by the standing long jump test. From a standing position, participants jumped bilaterally as far as possible. The distance was measured to the nearest cm from the starting line to the rearmost heel. Three maximal trials were performed with 2 minutes rest, and the best score was used.

  Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).

• Dynamic Balance (Y Balance Test normalized composite score)

  Dynamic postural control was assessed using the Y Balance Test. Reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions were normalized to leg length. A composite score (mean of three directions) was calculated and used for analysis.

  Immediately post-intervention, after each warm-up session (4 sessions, separated by at least 48 hours).

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Anthropometric Parameters (Height, Weight, BMI)

  Baseline (Day 1, prior to the first warm-up intervention session)

• Internal Load (Heart Rate Monitoring)

  During each warm-up session (15 minutes, across AR, SS, DS, MP protocols)

Study Arms (4)

Arm 1: Aerobic Running Warm-Up (AR)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants perform a 15-minute aerobic running protocol with heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes of light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Behavioral: Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up

Arm 2: Static Stretching Warm-Up (SS)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscle groups (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds. Finishes with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Behavioral: Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up

Arm 3: Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up (DS)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants perform 5 minutes of light jogging, followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six lower-limb muscle groups over 10-15 meters with short rest between repetitions.

Behavioral: Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up

Arm 4: Movement Preparation Warm-Up (MP)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants perform a combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% maximum velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Behavioral: Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up

Interventions

Intervention 1: Aerobic Running (AR) Warm-Up BEHAVIORAL

15-minute aerobic running protocol. Heart rate maintained at 60-75% of age-predicted maximum (HRₘₐₓ). Includes 7 minutes light jogging followed by slight intensity increase.

Arm 1: Aerobic Running Warm-Up (AR)

Intervention 2: Static Stretching (SS) Warm-Up BEHAVIORAL

5 minutes light jogging followed by static stretches of six lower-limb muscles (gastrocnemius, quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, adductors, gluteals). Each muscle stretched twice for 30 seconds, finishing with 3-4 minutes of light dynamic movements.

Arm 2: Static Stretching Warm-Up (SS)

Intervention 3: Dynamic Stretching (DS) Warm-Up BEHAVIORAL

5 minutes light jogging followed by dynamic stretches targeting the same six muscle groups over 10-15 meters with brief rest between repetitions.

Arm 3: Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up (DS)

Intervention 4: Movement Preparation (MP) Warm-Up BEHAVIORAL

Description: Combination of light jogging, multi-joint mobility drills (e.g., lateral shuffles, inchworms), submaximal sprinting (80-90% max velocity), and low-intensity balance drills adapted from FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee.

Arm 4: Movement Preparation Warm-Up (MP)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 14 Years - 15 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Only male participants are eligible.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Biologically male football goalkeepers
• Aged 14-15 years
• Actively competing in youth leagues
• Minimum training experience of approximately 3-4 years
• Free from chronic diseases or musculoskeletal injuries that could affect physical performance
• Maintain regular sleep and dietary routines during the study period

You may not qualify if:

• Current injuries
• Chronic health conditions
• Any physical limitations that could interfere with safe participation in warm-up protocols or performance testing

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Uşak University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Uşak University

Uşak, 64200, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Warm-Up Exercise

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Exercise; Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Mustafa AKIL, Professor Dr.

  Uşak University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Melek G. GUNGOR

  Uşak University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Mehmet Emin Yelken, Ph.D.

  Ilgaz Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: No additional parties are masked in this study. Only the outcome assessors are blinded to the warm-up protocol.
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Instructor of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ph.D.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 2, 2025
• First Posted: September 18, 2025
• Study Start: March 1, 2024
• Primary Completion: March 10, 2024
• Study Completion: April 1, 2024
• Last Updated: September 18, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Locations

TU (1)