Association of Coffee With Periodontal Status

NCT07166276 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2024/311
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 318
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

A total of 318 patients applying to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University will be included in the study. Based on anamnesis, radiographic examination, and the 2018 classification of periodontal diseases, the participants will be categorized into three groups: periodontal health (n=106), gingivitis (n=106), and periodontitis (n=106). Information regarding participants' coffee consumption habits and their daily coffee intake will be collected. Clinical parameters to be measured will include plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. The frequency of coffee consumption will be evaluated as daily, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, once per month, twice per month, and once per year. The amount of coffee consumed at a single occasion (cup, glass, mug, etc.) will also be recorded. In caffeinated coffee consumption, the preference for weak, moderate, or strong coffee, as well as consumption with milk, condensed milk, sugar, honey, or sweeteners will be assessed. For Turkish coffee, the consumption pattern will be categorized as unsweetened, moderately sweetened, or sweetened.

Conditions

Periodontal Diseases

Keywords

coffee; periodontal disease; periodontitis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• periodontal pocket depth

  physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction.

  Baseline

• bleeding on probing

  To test for bleeding after probing, the probe is carefully introduced to the bottom of the pocket and gently moved laterally along the pocket wall. + is maximum and - is minimum.

  baseline

• Frequency of consumption of fermented foods

  the frequency of fermented foods is measured. The foods questioned were evaluated using a 7-point Likert-type frequency form (every day, 3-4 per week, 1-2 per week, 2 per month, 1 per month, never). In addition, the amounts of foods consumed each time were recorded, and the daily consumption amounts were obtained by dividing them by the frequency of consumption.

  baseline

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• plaque index

  baseline

• gingival index

  baseline

• clinical attachment level

  baseline

Study Arms (3)

Periodontitis

It refers to a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, with pocket formation and/or gingival recession.

Other: coffee

Gingivitis

It refers to a reversible inflammation of the gingival tissues without loss of periodontal attachment. The condition is primarily induced by dental plaque accumulation and is characterized clinically by signs such as gingival redness, swelling, and bleeding on probing.

Other: coffee

Periodontal health

Periodontal health refers to the absence of clinical signs of inflammation in the periodontium, with stable supporting tissues and no evidence of attachment loss or bone destruction.

Other: coffee

Interventions

coffee OTHER

The type of coffee consumed, the daily amount of coffee, and the frequency of consumption were measured.

Gingivitis; Periodontal health; Periodontitis

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals with periodontitis, gingivitis, and periodontal disease

You may qualify if:

• Healthy individuals were between 18 and 65 years

You may not qualify if:

• Individuals were excluded if they had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, were current smokers, had a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, were pregnant, or were breastfeeding.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Tuğba ŞAHİN: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University

Bolu, 14030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis

Interventions

Coffee

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Plant Preparations; Biological Products; Complex Mixtures; Beverages; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Food and Beverages

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 3, 2025
• First Posted: September 10, 2025
• Study Start: November 19, 2024
• Primary Completion: July 28, 2025
• Study Completion: August 28, 2025
• Last Updated: November 21, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Locations

TU (1)