Therapeutic Effects of Pranayama Breathing Technique and Deep Breathing Exercises on Pain and Anxiety After Abdominal Surgery

NCT07164118 | Active Not Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: CU-SBF-CB-07
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 120
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study will be conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of pranayama breathing technique and deep breathing exercises on pain and anxiety after abdominal surgery.

Conditions

Abdominal Surgery

Keywords

abdominal surgery; deep breathing exercise; pranamaya; pain; anxiety

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory:

  Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: First developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970, it was adapted into Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1982), and its validity and reliability studies were conducted. This inventory consists of two subsections, each containing 20 items: State Anxiety (STAI-I) and Trait Anxiety (STAI-II). In the state anxiety section, participants select one of the following options: "not at all," "a little," "a lot," or "completely." In the trait anxiety section, participants respond with the following options: "almost never," "sometimes," "most of the time." The total score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels. In the study conducted by Günaydın and Oflaz (1998), anxiety scores were classified according to their levels and defined as 20-39 as "mild", 40-59 as "moderate", 60-79 as "high" and over 80 points as "panic level anxiety".

  5 months

• Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

  Visual Analog Scale (VAS) The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was designed in 1983 by Price and colleagues to assess pain intensity. This measurement tool consists of a 10-cm-long straight line with the words "no pain" at one end and "unbearable pain" at the other. The patient is asked to mark a point on the line corresponding to the intensity of the pain they are experiencing; this point is scored in centimeters from the beginning. The score is categorized as no pain for 0, mild for 1-4, moderate for 5-6, severe for 7-8, and extreme pain for 10.

  5 months

Study Arms (3)

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Patients will not be taught breathing exercises. Pain will be assessed with the VAS at the 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours, and anxiety will be assessed with the STAI-II on the preoperative morning and before discharge.

Pranayama Breathing Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Pranayama breathing techniques will be taught before surgery. Starting 4 hours after surgery, 8-10 minutes of breathing exercises will be repeated every 2 hours. Pain will be measured before and after the exercises and at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge.

Behavioral: Pranayama Breathing Exercise

Deep Breathing Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Deep breathing exercises will be taught before surgery. Six repetitions will be performed every two hours, starting four hours after surgery. Pain will be assessed with a VAS before and after the exercise and at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge.

Behavioral: Deep Breathing Exercise

Interventions

Pranayama Breathing Exercise BEHAVIORAL

Pranayama breathing technique consisting of 6 cycles, demonstrated by the researcher before the operation, supported by the brochure, and lasting 8-10 minutes every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour.

Pranayama Breathing Group

Deep Breathing Exercise BEHAVIORAL

Deep breathing exercise, demonstrated one-on-one before surgery and supported by a guide, applied 6 times every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour onwards.

Deep Breathing Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Patients aged 18-65,
• Having undergone elective abdominal surgery,
• Having no communication difficulties,
• Having no cognitive problems,
• Having no psychiatric illness,
• Having not previously practiced breathing exercises,
• Agreeing to participate in the study,
• Having an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) rating of I, II, or III will be included in the sample group.

You may not qualify if:

• Patients who developed complications such as bleeding, anastomotic leakage, atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism in the postoperative period; who wished to withdraw from the study at any stage; or who required intensive care in the postoperative period will not be included in the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Cukurova University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Afsin State Hospital

Kahramanmaraş, Afşin, 46500, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pain; Anxiety Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Mental Disorders

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Before the surgery, patients in the pranayama intervention group will be taught the Pranayama breathing technique. Individuals in the deep breathing exercise intervention group will be taught deep breathing exercises by the researcher before the surgical intervention. No application will be made to the control group.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: dr lecturer

Model Details: There are 3 groups: pranamaya group, deep breathing exercise group and control group.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 28, 2025
• First Posted: September 9, 2025
• Study Start: August 15, 2025
• Primary Completion: September 30, 2025
• Study Completion: December 30, 2025
• Last Updated: September 9, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)