The Effect of the Flipped Classroom Model on Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge and Learning Motivation of Nursing Students

NCT07129044 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: ErsoyU-Belli-FC20221070
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 84
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of the flipped classroom model on pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation among nursing students. A total of 84 third-year nursing students from a public university in Turkey were randomly assigned to intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups. The intervention group received education using the flipped classroom model, while the control group followed a self-directed learning approach. Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (pre-test), one month after the intervention (post-test), and three months after the intervention (follow-up test). The Pediatric Pain Knowledge Test and the Motivation Scale Towards Learning were used to assess outcomes. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups. Post-test and follow-up results showed that the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant and sustained increase in both pediatric pain knowledge and learning motivation scores (p\<0.001), while the control group showed no meaningful change. These findings support the flipped classroom model as an effective and sustainable teaching strategy in nursing education, particularly for improving knowledge and motivation in pediatric pain management.

Conditions

Pain Management

Keywords

Pediatric pain management; Flipped classroom; Nursing students; Learning motivation; Randomized controlled trial

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Score

  The Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Scale, developed by Aydın \& Bektaş (2021), measures nursing students' knowledge of pediatric pain. It consists of 29 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, covering six sub-dimensions: pain awareness (6 items), pain physiopathology (4), barriers to pain management (11), pain diagnosis (2), pain assessment (2), and pain control (4). Items 3, 6, 8, 10-15, 17, and 21 are reverse coded. Scores range from 29 to 145; higher scores indicate greater knowledge. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was 0.845.

  Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Motivation Level Toward Instructional Materials

  Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)

Study Arms (2)

Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training through a flipped classroom model for 4 weeks. Training videos and readings were provided in advance and in-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, and case-based learning.

Behavioral: Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management

Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants in this group received the same pediatric pain management materials as the intervention group (lecture notes, readings, and video lectures) for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions.

Behavioral: Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management

Interventions

Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management BEHAVIORAL

Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. The training was delivered using a flipped classroom model over 4 weeks. Students were provided with pre-class educational materials, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes. In-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, case-based learning, and problem-solving exercises. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards.

Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management

Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management BEHAVIORAL

Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. Students were provided with the same pre-class educational materials as the intervention group, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes, for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards.

Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Being enrolled in the "Child Health and Diseases Nursing" course for the first time
• Having access to the Internet and a computer or smartphone
• Agreeing to attend synchronous sessions via Google Classroom
• Volunteering to participate in the study

You may not qualify if:

• Having previously received any education on pediatric pain management
• Withdrawing consent at any point during the study
• Failing to complete the pre-test, post-test, or three-month follow-up assessment (e.g., missing a measurement session due to internet connectivity issues)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mustafa Belli: lead

Study Sites (1)

Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Health Sciences

Burdur, 15100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (33)

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  RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Agnosia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Perceptual Disorders; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: Not applicable. Participants and researchers were aware of group assignments due to the nature of the educational intervention.
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Model Details: Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving flipped classroom-based pediatric pain management training or the control group receiving self-directed learning. The intervention lasted four weeks, and data were collected at three time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test (immediately after the intervention), and follow-up (three months later).

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 4, 2025
• First Posted: August 19, 2025
• Study Start: February 1, 2022
• Primary Completion: July 20, 2022
• Study Completion: August 15, 2022
• Last Updated: August 19, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)