Family and Peer Influences on Nicotine Dependence in Medical Students of South Punjab

NCT07123389 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 8975/NMU
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 366
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence in medical students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan (both male and female; aged 18 and older). The main questions it aims to answer are: Does family dysfunction contribute to higher nicotine dependence in medical students? Does peer pressure intensify the effect of family dysfunction on nicotine dependence? Are there gender or academic year differences in smoking status and peer pressure? If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare students from functional families vs. dysfunctional families to see if nicotine dependence differs, especially under the influence of peer pressure. Participants will: Complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire which includes: The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine addiction severity. The Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF) to evaluate family functioning. The Peer Pressure Scale to identify direct and indirect peer pressure. Provide demographic information (age, gender, year of study, smoking status) for descriptive and comparative analyses.

Conditions

Nicotine Dependence; Tobacco Use Disorder; Family Functioning; Peer Influence

Keywords

Tobacco Use Disorder; Smoking; Medical Students; Family Relations; Peer Influence; Nicotine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)

  Primary Outcome: Nicotine Dependence The primary outcome of this study is the level of nicotine dependence among medical students, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The FTND provides a continuous score ranging from 0 to 10, based on six items. Three of these items are yes/no questions, scored as 0 (No) and 1 (Yes). The remaining three are multiple-choice questions, scored from 0 to 3. The scores from all six items are summed to calculate the total dependence score. Classification of Nicotine Dependence: 0-2: Very Low 3-4: Low 5: Moderate 6-7: High 8-10: Very High This continuous FTND score will be used to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on the severity of nicotine addiction.

  Day 1

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Prevalence of Dysfunctional Family Functioning as assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF)

  Day 1

• Prevalence of Peer Pressure Exposure as assessed by the Peer Pressure Scale

  Day 1

Study Arms (1)

Medical Students in South Punjab

Students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan who consent to participate. They will complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing nicotine dependence (FTND), family functioning (FAD-GF), and peer pressure, along with basic demographic information.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This study will recruit medical students enrolled at public and private medical colleges across South Punjab, Pakistan. Participants will be young adults aged 18 and above who are pursuing their Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees. The population will consist of students from all academic years and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Medical students were selected due to their future role as healthcare providers and their unique stressors, making them an important group for understanding the interplay of family functioning, peer pressure, and nicotine dependence.

You may qualify if:

• Medical students currently enrolled in public or private medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan
• Aged 18 years or older
• Voluntarily consent to participate in the study

You may not qualify if:

• Refusal to provide informed consent
• Absence or unavailability at the time of data collection
• Incomplete questionnaire or failure to complete the questionnaire

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Nishtar Medical University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Nishtar Medical University

Multan Khurd, Punjab Province, 66000, Pakistan

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tobacco Use Disorder; Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Substance-Related Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Mental Disorders; Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Medical Student

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 24, 2025
• First Posted: August 14, 2025
• Study Start: May 13, 2025
• Primary Completion: July 2, 2025
• Study Completion: July 15, 2025
• Last Updated: August 14, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP

Locations

PA (1)