NCT07098065

Brief Summary

Tobacco use remains persistently high across South Asia, despite numerous public health efforts, and continues to significantly contribute to the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Community pharmacists-widely accessible and trusted within their communities-are an underutilized resource for delivering public health interventions. Graphic health warnings (GHWs), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), have been shown to promote smoking cessation, but are rarely paired with personalized counseling by healthcare providers. This study aims to evaluate both the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrating GHWs with pharmacist-led personalized counseling at primary healthcare pharmacies in Bangladesh and Pakistan. A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted, enrolling 3,240 adult participants in Bangladesh and \~160 participants in Pakistan (for feasibility study) from community pharmacies. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) GHW only (distribution of printed booklets); (2) GHW + counseling (pharmacist-led counselling sessions based on booklets at baseline and six months, with monthly SMS reminders); or (3) standard care (usual pharmacy services with no additional materials). The intervention includes twice-yearly counseling sessions-delivered both in-person and digitally-supported by educational booklets and leaflets. The primary outcome is self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months (validated where feasible). Secondary outcomes include reduction in cigarettes per day, quit attempts, readiness to quit, awareness of tobacco harms, diet and physical activity scores, quality of life, blood pressure control among hypertensive participants, and cost-effectiveness. Feasibility outcomes in Pakistan include recruitment rate, participant retention, intervention fidelity and acceptability. Bayesian statistical models will be used to assess efficacy, and economic evaluations will determine the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. The findings aim to inform scalable public health strategies for tobacco control and NCD prevention in resource-limited settings.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
3,400

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
12mo left

Started Feb 2026

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress21%
Feb 2026Apr 2027

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

July 23, 2025

Completed
9 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

August 1, 2025

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 1, 2026

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

February 28, 2027

Expected
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 30, 2027

Last Updated

April 14, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

1.1 years

First QC Date

July 23, 2025

Last Update Submit

April 13, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Tobacco cessationGraphic health warnings (GHWs)Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)Cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT)Pharmacist-led counseling

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence

    The primary outcome is self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months. Will be measured by percentage of participants who report smoking cessation

    6 months and 12 months post-intervention.

Secondary Outcomes (12)

  • Change in Cigarette Consumption

    6 and 12 months.

  • Quit Attempts

    6 and 12 months.

  • Readiness to Quit Smoking

    6 and 12 months.

  • Improvement in Knowledge About Smoking Harms

    6 and 12 months.

  • Improved Hypertension Management

    6 and 12 months.

  • +7 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (3)

GHW-only intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

This group will receive only graphical health warnings (GHWs) featuring images proposed by the Bangladesh Tobacco Control Cell, explicitly illustrating smoking-related harms, such as mouth diseases, damaged teeth and gums, lung diseases and cancer, heart diseases and cardiovascular damage, and throat and oral cancer. Additionally, these warnings will clearly highlight the benefits of quitting smoking-including improved overall health, reduced disease risks, financial savings, and enhanced quality of life-as well as practical cessation techniques. Participants will receive these GHW materials at baseline and again at the six-month follow-up to reinforce these critical health messages; however, this intervention group will not receive any counselling services. Monthly SMS reminders will also be sent to participants, prompting them to review the GHW leaflet and reinforcing the negative health impacts of smoking and the benefits of quitting.

Behavioral: Graphical health warnings

GHW plus pharmacist-led counselling

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants in this group will receive graphical health warnings (GHWs) featuring Bangladesh Tobacco Control Cell-approved images clearly depicting smoking-related harms (e.g., mouth diseases, damaged teeth and gums, lung cancer, heart disease, and oral cancer). Additionally, they will receive personalized counselling from community pharmacists, focused on the specific health and financial benefits of quitting, practical cessation techniques, strategies for overcoming barriers, and relapse prevention. This combined intervention will be provided at baseline and reinforced at a six-month follow-up. Monthly SMS reminders will also be sent, reinforcing key messages on the harmful effects of smoking and benefits of cessation.

Behavioral: Graphical health warnings plus pharmacist-led counselling

Standard care control

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants in this group will receive only routine pharmacy services based on standard pharmacy practice guidelines applicable in each country. They will not receive any additional graphical health warnings or counselling interventions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, consistent with the intervention groups.

Other: Routine pharmacy services (no intervention)

Interventions

Participants in this group will receive graphical health warnings (GHWs) featuring Bangladesh Tobacco Control Cell-approved images clearly depicting smoking-related harms (e.g., mouth diseases, damaged teeth and gums, lung cancer, heart disease, and oral cancer). Additionally, they will receive personalized counselling from community pharmacists, focused on the specific health and financial benefits of quitting, practical cessation techniques, strategies for overcoming barriers, and relapse prevention. This combined intervention will be provided at baseline and reinforced at a six-month follow-up. Monthly SMS reminders will also be sent, reinforcing key messages on the harmful effects of smoking and benefits of cessation.

GHW plus pharmacist-led counselling

This group will receive only graphical health warnings (GHWs) featuring images proposed by the Bangladesh Tobacco Control Cell, explicitly illustrating smoking-related harms, such as mouth diseases, damaged teeth and gums, lung diseases and cancer, heart diseases and cardiovascular damage, and throat and oral cancer. Additionally, these warnings will clearly highlight the benefits of quitting smoking-including improved overall health, reduced disease risks, financial savings, and enhanced quality of life-as well as practical cessation techniques. Participants will receive these GHW materials at baseline and again at the six-month follow-up to reinforce these critical health messages; however, this intervention group will not receive any counselling services. Monthly SMS reminders will also be sent to participants, prompting them to review the GHW leaflet and reinforcing the negative health impacts of smoking and the benefits of quitting.

GHW-only intervention

Participants in this group will receive only routine pharmacy services based on standard pharmacy practice guidelines applicable in each country. They will not receive any additional graphical health warnings or counselling interventions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, consistent with the intervention groups.

Standard care control

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 90 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Adults aged 18 and older
  • Adults (≥18 years) who are current smokers (daily or occasional) and regular visitors to participating pharmacies.
  • Permanent resident of the study area,
  • Access to mobile phone
  • Able to operate smartphone or tablet.

You may not qualify if:

  • Without pregnancy and lactation
  • Without cognitive or psychiatric conditions,
  • Without severe medical conditions,
  • Participation in other studies, and inability to consent.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Global Public Health Research Foundation

Dhaka, Bangladesh

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tobacco Use CessationHypertensionNoncommunicable Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Health BehaviorBehaviorVascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesDisease AttributesPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

  • Md. Mizanur Rahman

    Hitotsubashi University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Md. Mizanur Rahman, PhD

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

July 23, 2025

First Posted

August 1, 2025

Study Start

February 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

February 28, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

April 30, 2027

Last Updated

April 14, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations