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Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Foot Sole Surface Area Measurements
Toe walking behavior (TWB) was measured using the BTS P-Walk platform \[2440x740x8 mm with 2400x500 mm sensorized area containing 12,000 sensors\]. A 500 mm sensor-free mat was added at platform ends for accurate start/end measurements. The system focused on foot-ground contact surface area data relevant to this study's objectives. Before measurements, the child familiarized herself with the platform through play activities to ensure comfort. All assessments were conducted barefoot with at least three walks per session, selecting the clearest data for analysis. To encourage natural platform crossing, the child carried a small object to her mother waiting opposite. To prevent upper extremity interference with gait patterns, only return walks without the object were analyzed, ensuring accurate toe walking measurements unaffected by carrying tasks or arm movements during the assessment protocol. Changes assessed using visual analysis and statistical measures including ES calculations.
11weeks (55 days)- 9 weeks of implementation

Study Arms (1)

A child with ASD exhibiting TWB (pseudonym "Daisy")

EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention Type: Backward walking exercise (treadmill-based) Frequency: 5 days per week Duration: 9 weeks (intervention phase) Session duration: 10-12 minutes/session; 2 sessions Intensity: Adapted according to participant's developmental level and safety requirements Implementation setting: In a controlled laboratory environment, specially adapted treadmill Supervision: Continuous supervision by trained researchers Measurement: Plantar surface area measurement using pedobarographic analysis Safety protocol: Safety measures adapted to individual needs

Other: Foot Sole Surface Area MeasurementsOther: Walking Exercise Program and Implementation Process

Interventions

Foot Sole Surface Area MeasurementsOther

The child's TWB was measured using the BTS P-Walk platform \[2440x740x8 mm, 12,000 sensors\] with an additional 500mm sensor-free mat for accurate start/end measurements. The system focused on foot-ground contact surface area data.Before measurements, the child familiarized herself with the platform through play. All walks were barefoot, with at least 3 attempts per assessment and the clearest data selected. To encourage platform crossing, the child carried a small object to her mother waiting opposite. To prevent upper extremity interference with gait, only return walks (without object) were analyzed for measurement.

A child with ASD exhibiting TWB (pseudonym "Daisy")

Walking Exercise Program and Implementation ProcessOther

Eligibility Criteria

Age3 Years+

Sexfemale

Healthy VolunteersNo

Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

It was required that the participant be diagnosed with ASD, exhibit TWB, be able to follow simple instructions, have no health problems other than ASD, and not have participated in any exercise program or physical therapy rehabilitation. It has been reported by orthopedic and physical therapy specialists, whom the parents had previously consulted, that the child exhibits TWB with ASD characteristics only, without any musculoskeletal problems.

You may not qualify if:

Study Design

Study Type

interventional

Phase

not applicable

Allocation

Masking

NONE

Masking Details

Blinding for the Participant: To obtain reliable data from gait measurements, the participant is asked to exhibit their natural gait on the walking platform. It was observed that the child exhibited natural gait because the participant did not focus much on environmental elements and did not realize that the participant was being subjected to measurement. This situation was considered as blinding for the participant.

Purpose

TREATMENT

Intervention Model

SINGLE GROUP

Model Details: This study is a prospective research based on single-subject experimental design. Model A-B-A (Reversal Design) was preferred because it was desired that the provided benefit continue in favor of the child without interruption. In this design, the baseline level of the targeted behavior is determined, and during the implementation phase, the behavior is expected to gradually change toward the main goal, and the effects of the independent variable are monitored during a second baseline phase (withdrawal or monitoring). Additionally, the principles and instructions in the SCRIBE guidelines were taken into consideration in the design and implementation of this study. This guideline is a reporting manual for single-participant designs in behavioral interventions.

Sponsor Type

OTHER

Responsible Party

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

PI Title

Assistant Proffessor

Backward Walking Effects on Toe Walking in a Child With ASD: Single-Case Study

Brief Summary

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Primary Completion

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Conditions

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Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Study Arms (1)

A child with ASD exhibiting TWB (pseudonym "Daisy")

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

You may not qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations

Brief Summary

Registry Overview

Trial Relationships

Related Scientific Literature

Study Timeline

Study Start

Primary Completion

Study Completion

First Submitted

First Posted

Conditions

Keywords

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

Study Arms (1)

A child with ASD exhibiting TWB (pseudonym "Daisy")

Interventions

Eligibility Criteria

You may qualify if:

You may not qualify if:

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Enrollment

Study Design

Study Record Dates

Data Sharing

Source record

Locations