Comparison of Breathing Yoga and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques After Transplantation

NCT07066384 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: okutan9
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 125
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of breathing yoga and progressive muscle relaxation techniques in relieving pain, respiratory complications and kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients. H1-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients. H1-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients. H2-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients. H2-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients. H3-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients. H3-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients. H4-0: PMRTs has no effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients. H4-1: PMRTs have an effect on reducing pain in liver transplant recipients. H5-0: PMRTs have no effect on reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients. H5-1: PMRTs have an effect on reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients. H6-0: PMRTs have no effect on relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients. H6-1: PMRTs have an effect on relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

Conditions

Muscle Relaxation; Pain, Postoperative; Kinesiophobia; Breathing, Mouth

Keywords

kinesiophobia; pain; breathing complications; breathing yoga; PMRTs

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• pain level

  Numerical Rating Scale (NRS): This scale, which is intended to determine the severity of pain, aims to have the patient describe their pain with numbers. In the form, 0 points are evaluated as "no pain", 1-3 points as "mild pain", 4-6 points as "moderate pain", and 7 and above points as "severe pain".

  Discharged patients will be asked to perform breathing yoga/PMRT every 8 hours (three times a day) for three months. Posttest data will be collected at the end of the three months.

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Kinesiophobia level

  Discharged patients will be asked to perform breathing yoga/PMRT every 8 hours (three times a day) for three months. Posttest data will be collected at the end of the three months.

Study Arms (3)

ıntervention group 1 (breathing yoga)

EXPERIMENTAL

Experimental group (Breathing Yoga): Data collection tools (patient introduction form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa kinesiophobia scale) will be applied before the yoga breathing exercises intervention. Patients will be shown how to practice breathing yoga, and then they will be asked to do it. Breathing yoga consists of 6 stages. Patients will be given breathing yoga brochures. After discharge, patients will be asked to do breathing yoga once every 8 hours (3 times a day) for 3 months. Patients will be contacted by phone. For the application of the exercises, complications related to the disease, etc. After three months, patients will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data.

Other: breathing yoga

ıntervention group 2 (PMRTs)

EXPERIMENTAL

Experimental Group (Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques-PMRTs): Data collection tools (patient identification form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa Kinesiophobia scale) will be applied before the progressive muscle relaxation exercise intervention. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises will be demonstrated to patients in practice, and then they will be asked to do them. PMRTs are applied to 11 different muscle groups. PMRTs brochures will be given to the patients. After the patients are discharged, they will be asked to perform PMRTs once every 8 hours (3 times a day) for 3 months. Patients will be contacted by phone. For the implementation of the exercises, complications related to the disease, etc. After three months, the patients will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, the scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data.

Other: PMRTs-Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques

control group

NO INTERVENTION

Data collection tools (patient identification form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa kinesiophobia scale) will be applied to the patients in the control group as part of the pretest. Patients with questions will be allowed to direct their questions to the researchers. After these questions are answered, no intervention will be made to the control group and the patients in the control group will not be contacted at any time for the next three months. After three months, the patients in the control group will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, the scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data.

Interventions

PMRTs-Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques OTHER

While patients are breathing in and out, tightening and releasing exercises are applied to 11 different muscle groups. It is applied for 15-20 minutes.

ıntervention group 2 (PMRTs)

breathing yoga OTHER

Yoga Breathing Exercises: 1. Sama Vritti or "Equal Breathing": 2. Abdominal Breathing Techniques: 3. Nadi Shodhana or "Alternating Breathing": 4. Kapalabhati or "Skull Shining Breath": 5. Progressive Muscle Relaxation: 6. Guided Visualization:

ıntervention group 1 (breathing yoga)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Successful liver transplantation,
• Considered to be discharged after liver transplantation,
• Being 18 years old or older,
• No communication or language barriers,
• Agreeing to do PMRTs,
• Agreeing to do breathing yoga

You may not qualify if:

• Having any auditory or mental problems,
• Wanting to leave the study,
• Having difficulty/unable to do PMRTs,
• Having any joint-knee and orthopedic disorders,
• Having difficulty/unable to do breathing yoga.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Bitlis Eren University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bitlis Eren University

Bitlis, 13100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Mouth Breathing; Pain, Postoperative; Kinesiophobia; Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Postoperative Complications; Pathologic Processes; Neurologic Manifestations; Phobic Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Mental Disorders

Study Officials

• Şerafettin OKUTAN, PhD.

  Bitlis Eren University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator, Assistant Professor Şerafettin OKUTAN, Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bitlis Eren University

Model Details: It will be conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study in a pretestpost- test control group experimental model.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 3, 2025
• First Posted: July 15, 2025
• Study Start: March 10, 2025
• Primary Completion: September 10, 2025
• Study Completion: October 30, 2025
• Last Updated: February 25, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Locations

TU (1)