Correlation of Gross Motor Movement, and Balance With Screen Time in Healthy Children

NCT06943183 | Not Yet Recruiting DMC

• 1 other identifier: REC/RCR/AHS/24/0730
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 429
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Gross motor function involves large muscle control for activities like walking, running, and sports, and is essential for balance and coordination. Excessive screen time may hinder gross motor development by reducing physical activity, affecting strength and coordination. Structured activities like free play and exercise are key to minimizing these effects. A cross-sectional study will be conducted over 10 months in public and private schools in Lahore. Children aged 7-10 will be included. Screen time will be assessed through demographic data, and gross motor skills evaluated using the TGMD-2. Exclusion criteria: PBS \< 20, TGMD-2 \< 30, recent orthopedic surgery, and MMSE \< 26. Data will be analyzed in SPSS v25 using descriptive statistics and correlation. This study explores the impact of screen time on children's physical development, particularly gross motor skills and balance

Conditions

Healthy Children

Keywords

Gross motor movement; balance; screen time; school-aged children

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• PBS (Pediatric Berg Balance Scale)

  The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modified version of Berg's Balance Scale, designed for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) with balance disorders were tested twice by the same examiner. Additionally, 10 pediatric physical therapists, unaware of the study hypotheses, rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. The PBS showed excellent reliability, with high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater (ICC = 0.997) consistency, confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool for this population

  baseline

• Screen Time Questionnaire

  The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a modified Berg's Balance Scale, is for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) were tested twice by the same examiner, and 10 pediatric physical therapists rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. PBS showed high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.997), confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool

  baseline

• TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2)

  The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) evaluates children's motor skills. A study assessed the Portuguese version for clarity, validity, and reliability. Two trials per child were video recorded for analysis. The motor tasks were found clear and reflective of motor development. The test showed good validity (Chi-square/df = 3.38; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.83) and strong reliability (locomotor: r = 0.82; object control: r = 0.88).

  baseline

• kinovea software

  Kinovea is a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for assessing thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. In a study with 18 participants, its measurements were compared to Cobb's method. Inter- and intra-rater reliability showed moderate to perfect agreement (ICC \< 0.001). Validity for thoracic kyphosis was moderate and dependent on evaluator expertise, while lumbar lordosis showed weaker correlation. Kinovea proves useful for clinical and research-based postural assessments

  baseline

Study Arms (1)

healthy children

The healthy children group will include school-aged children between 7 to 10 years with no known neurological, musculoskeletal, or developmental disorders. All participants will have normal cognitive function (MMSE ≥ 26) and PBS scores above 20, indicating mild or no motor difficulties.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 7 Years - 10 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of children aged 7 to 10 years enrolled in public and private schools in Lahore. Participants must be able to follow basic instructions and engage in physical tasks required for assessment. Children with a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score below 20, TGMD-2 score below 30, a history of orthopedic surgery within the past 6 months, or a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 26 will be excluded. The sample will represent typically developing school-aged children with varying levels of screen time exposure

You may qualify if:

• Children between ages 7 to 10 years
• Children with screen time exposure of more than 2 hours per day on a weekday (30,
• Screen time exposure through television, smartphones, tablets, laptops or computers.
• Children with exposure of screen time more than 3 hours on a weekend

You may not qualify if:

• Children with Pediatric balance score: below 45.
• Children with TGMD-2 Score: below 30 (less than 10" percentile).
• Children who have had orthopedic surgery within the previous 6 months.
• Cognition Score below 26 on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Riphah International University: lead

Related Publications (1)

• Yuan R, Zhang J, Song P, Qin L. The relationship between screen time and gross motor movement: A cross-sectional study of pre-school aged left-behind children in China. PLoS One. 2024 Apr 5;19(4):e0296862. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296862. eCollection 2024.

  PMID: 38578800 BACKGROUND

Study Officials

• Mahrukh Fatima, MS-PPT

  Riphah International University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Imran amjad, PHD

CONTACT

9233224390125; imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk

Muhammad Asif javed, MS-PT

CONTACT

923224209422; a.javed@riphah.edu.pk

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 17, 2025
• First Posted: April 24, 2025
• Study Start: April 16, 2025
• Primary Completion: July 16, 2025
• Study Completion: July 16, 2025
• Last Updated: April 24, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share