Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Cardiac Depression Scale

NCT06836804 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2025.01.11
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 360
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) in both its long and short forms has been validated in various languages and populations and is used to detect depression in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is no validity and reliability study of the CDS for CVD patients in the Turkish population available in the literature, which prevents its use in Turkish population. The study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of long and short forms of the CDS in Turkish individuals with CVD.

Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression

Keywords

Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Depression

  The primary outcome measure in the study is depression, as determined by the Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS), while other scales and participant demographic data will be considered as independent variables. CDS scores range from 26 to 182, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. A score of 95 or higher on the CDS can detect major depression in individuals with CVD with 85% specificity and 97% sensitivity.

  Baseline

Study Arms (1)

Participants with CVDs

The study cohort includes participants with stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) condition who apply to outpatient cardiology clinics of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine.

Other: Sociodemographic Data Form; Other: Short Form Health Survey; Other: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Other: Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale; Other: Cardiac Depression Scale

Interventions

Sociodemographic Data Form OTHER

After inquiring about participants' sociodemographic characteristics, such as name, contact information, age, gender, marital status, education level, income, and place of residence, measurements of height, weight, and waist circumference will be obtained. Then, participants' CVD, psychiatric and other medical conditions, CVD risk factors, health history, and medications they are using will be queried. This information will be recorded in the sociodemographic data form. The sociodemographic data form has been prepared by the researchers.

Participants with CVDs

Short Form Health Survey OTHER

SF-36 is a self-assessment scale and can be completed in five minutes. SF-36 can evaluate both the negative and positive aspects of health. The scale consists of 36 items which are used to assess different health dimensions in 8 subscales: Physical functioning (10 items), social functioning (2 items), role limitations due to physical problems (4 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items), mental health (5 items), energy/vitality (4 items), pain (2 items), and general health perception (5 items).

Participants with CVDs

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale OTHER

The HADS was designed in 1983 to identify anxiety and depression in individuals with physical illnesses. The HADS is a self-reported scale consisting of seven items each for the anxiety and depression subscales. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, and the total score for the anxiety and depression subscales is 21 points. The overall HADS score is obtained by summing the points from both subscales. A total subscale score between 0-7 indicates a normal test result, 8-10 indicates mild anxiety or depression, 11-15 indicates moderate anxiety or depression, and 16-21 indicates severe anxiety or depression. Higher scores represent higher levels of anxiety or depression, and the total HADS score reflects an overall measure of psychological distress. The survey can be completed in 2-5 minutes.

Participants with CVDs

Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale OTHER

The IIRS is an easy-to-administer scale designed to predict the psychosocial impact of chronic illness and to document and compare the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. It consists of 13 questions which are completed by the patient. The scale measures how the limitations imposed by chronic and life-threatening diseases hinder participation in regular activities across 13 important aspects of life: Health, diet, work, active recreation (sports), passive recreation (reading, listening to music), finances, relationships with partners, sexual life, family relationships, other social relationships, self-expression/development, religious expression, and community and civic participation.

Participants with CVDs

Cardiac Depression Scale OTHER

CDS was designed to identify depression in individuals with CVDs. It consists of 26 items across 7 subscales. The subscales address issues such as sleep, uncertainty, mood, hopelessness, immobility, anhedonia, and cognition. The CDS is rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with seven items being reverse-coded. Based on patient feedback and clinical experience, two short forms were developed, each consisting of five questions. Both short forms showed good consistency with the original CDS. The first short form includes questions from the original CDS numbered 12, 24, 21, 10, and 9. The second short form includes questions from the original CDS numbered 12, 4, 25, 21, and 7.

Participants with CVDs

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of individuals with stable CVD who are outpatients at the cardiology clinics of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine.

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18 or older and providing written consent to participate in the study
• Diagnosed with any cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve diseases, arrhythmia) and in a stable condition
• No physical and/or mental condition that would prevent completing the scales
• Literate in Turkish

You may not qualify if:

• Participants who are found to have incomplete responses to the scale questions after being included in the study, as well as those who choose to withdraw from the study voluntarily, will be removed.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kırıkkale University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine

Kırıkkale, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (14)

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression

Interventions

4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor, MD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 11, 2025
• First Posted: February 20, 2025
• Study Start: February 11, 2025
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2025
• Study Completion: January 1, 2026
• Last Updated: April 14, 2026

Record last verified: 2025-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: CSR

Locations

TU (1)