Assessment of the Effects of Acute Exposure to Cold and Heat on Appetite

NCT06809296 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: 2024PPRC092024-A02285-42
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 40
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Military personnel and athletes have a very high energy expenditure, which is increased during certain key periods (intense training, competition and missions). Compensating for this expenditure through adequate energy intake can be complicated by physiological ingestive limits and logistical and organizational constraints (number of meals, food availability), leading these populations to regularly find themselves in an energy deficit situation (intake below requirements). If this situation persists, it could impair physical and cognitive performance, as well as major physiological functions. Among the many constraints to which military personnel and athletes are subjected (stress, sleep deprivation, travel, etc.) that can increase the risk of energy deficiency, the impact of thermal environmental constraints is very imperfectly known. Seasonal impact and travel to countries with very different thermal environments from temperate countries can lead these populations to work in cold and hot conditions for long periods. Understanding how exposure to hot and cold alters appetite and energy intake is therefore of the high importance. Our previous "TEMPCA" study highlighted a modulation of preferences for warm or cold foods depending on the exposure environment. By being able to adapt their food intake to these preferences, subjects were able to maintain a decent energy intake. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of the temperature of the food served (hot or cold) on changes in food intake during acute exposure to hot and cold. We hypothesized that adapting the temperature of the food served according to the exposure environment (hot in a cold environment and cold in a hot environment) would enable adequate levels of energy intake. Secondary objectives are to determine the influence of the environment on the levels of interstitial glucose during the preprandial period and to investigate the impact of thermal exposure (modulation of core temperature) on the modulation of quantities consumed and energy produced by digestion (postprandial thermogenesis). Forty participants (between 18 and 40 yo, male or female, active, lean, and healthy) will carry out 3 experimental sessions in which only the thermal environment will differ: cold condition (15°C), neutral condition (25°C) and warm condition (35°C). They will be divided into two groups, the first of which will be offered a cold meal during the three sessions (Cold Meal - CM) and the second a warm meal during the three sessions (Warm Meal - WM). They will all wear the same outfit designed to be offer perfect thermal comfort at 25 °C. Briefly, each session will start at 8:30am after eating a standardized breakfast. Body mass and ad libitum water intake will be frequently monitored to identify possible dehydration. Thermal comfort and sensation and subjective appetite will be regularly assessed using visual analog scale. From 11:00am to 01:00pm, all participants will be isolated and all temporal cues will be removed. At 01:00pm, an ad libitum meal (warm or cold) will be served in large quantities. The dishes will be weighed before and after the meal to assess energy intake. Before and after the meal, resting metabolism will be measured during 30 min in a supine position using indirect calorimetry and food preferences for high-fat/low-fat, savory/sweet, warm/cold foods, and fluid/solid foods will be assessed using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire.

Conditions

Appetite

Keywords

Appetite; food intake; Thermal exposure; Cold; Heat; Energy intake

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Energy intake

  Energy intake measured during the test ad libitum meal served at 01:00pm.

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Subjective appetite

  Hunger, desire to eat, prospective consumption, gastric fullness, and thirst feelings will be assessed using 10-cm visual analog scales each hour from the begininng (8:30 am) to the end of the exposure (03:00pm)

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Food preferences

  Food preferences for high-fat/low-fat, sweet/savory foods and for warm/cold and fluid/solid foods will be assessed using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire at 12:30am and 01:30pm

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Rectal temperature

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Skin temperature

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Thermal sensation and comfort

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Levels of interstitial glucose

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

• Resting energy metabolism

  From date of the first experimental session until the last experimental session

Study Arms (2)

Warm Meal (WM)

This group will receive an ad libitum warm meal at 01:00pm after 4h30 of exposure to threee different thermal environments

Cold Meal

This group will receive an ad libitum cold meal at 01:00pm after 4h30 of exposure to threee different thermal environments

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Active, young, lean, healthy individuals and presenting normal diet and sleep patterns.

You may qualify if:

• Active (\>3 h/w of physical activites)
• Affiliated to the social security
• Usual breakfast eaters

You may not qualify if:

• Unusual or irregular meal pattern
• Too high dietary restrictive profile assessed by the TFEQ-21
• Bad sleepers (\< 6h/night)
• Presenting a metabolic condition
• BMI lower than 18 or higher than 30
• Chronic medication (at the exception of the contraceptive pills)
• Regular smoker (more than 2 cigarettes per day)
• Regular alcohol consumer (more then 1 glass per day)
• Vegetarian
• Following a confessional diet (hallal, casher)
• Do not speak fluently French

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Direction Centrale du Service de Santé des Armées: lead
• Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Bretigny sur Orge, France: collaborator

Related Publications (6)

• Tassone EC, Baker BA. Body weight and body composition changes during military training and deployment involving the use of combat rations: a systematic literature review. Br J Nutr. 2017 Mar;117(6):897-910. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000630.

  PMID: 28452292 RESULT

• Wasse LK, King JA, Stensel DJ, Sunderland C. Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013 Aug;38(8):905-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0008. Epub 2013 May 1.

  PMID: 23855280 RESULT

• Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Horsfall RN, Cottrill D, Hough J. Acute exposure to a hot ambient temperature reduces energy intake but does not affect gut hormones in men during rest. Br J Nutr. 2021 Apr 28;125(8):951-959. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520002792. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

  PMID: 32693846 RESULT

• Charlot K. Negative energy balance during military training: The role of contextual limitations. Appetite. 2021 Sep 1;164:105263. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105263. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

  PMID: 33862189 RESULT

• Millet J, Siracusa J, Tardo-Dino PE, Thivel D, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A, Charlot K. Effects of Acute Heat and Cold Exposures at Rest or during Exercise on Subsequent Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 28;13(10):3424. doi: 10.3390/nu13103424.

  PMID: 34684424 RESULT

• Coca M, Besancon L, Erblang M, Bourdon S, Gruel A, Lepetit B, Beauchamps V, Tavard B, Oustric P, Finlayson GS, Thivel D, Malgoyre A, Tardo-Dino PE, Bourrilhon C, Charlot K. Twenty four-hour passive heat and cold exposures did not modify energy intake and appetite but strongly modify food reward. Br J Nutr. 2024 Jul 28;132(2):209-226. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524000825. Epub 2024 Apr 18.

  PMID: 38634266 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Common Cold

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Respiratory Tract Infections; Infections; Picornaviridae Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Study Officials

• Keyne Charlot, PhD

  Institut de Recherche Biomédical des Armées

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Keyne Charlot, PhD

CONTACT

+33637968040; keynecharlot@gmail.com

Maxime Coca, Master

CONTACT

+33632563113; maximecoca7@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CROSSOVER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 22, 2025
• First Posted: February 5, 2025
• Study Start: February 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2027
• Last Updated: February 5, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-01

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
• Time Frame: IPD will be available when an article will be published.
• Access Criteria: Any researcher that will make a demand using e-mail address of the corresponfing author. They will have access to individual and mean data and the explanation of the gathered outcomes.