Brief Summary

The study was planned as a observational, cross-sectional study

Trial Health

On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for all trials

Timeline

Completed

Started Sep 2024

Shorter than P25 for all trials

Geographic Reach

1 country

1 active site

Status

completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

3 months study duration

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 12, 2024

Completed

6 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 18, 2024

Completed

1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 19, 2024

Completed

2 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 18, 2024

Completed

1 month until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 18, 2024

Completed

Last Updated

November 25, 2025

Status Verified

November 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

2 months

First QC Date

September 12, 2024

Last Update Submit

November 20, 2025

Conditions

Smartphone Addiction

Keywords

SmartphoneCervical vertebraeRange of motionPain

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

Assessment of Body Awareness
Body awareness will be assessed using a questionnaire designed to determine normal or abnormal sensitivity levels in body composition. The questionnaire consists of four subgroups: 1) Changes in body processes, 2) Sleep-wake cycle, 3) Prediction of disease onset, and 4) Prediction of body responses, with a total of 18 items. Participants were asked to rate each item using a scale from 1 to 7. It has a minimum score of 18 and a maximum score of 126, with higher scores indicating greater body awareness. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been reported to be high.
Day 1
Assessment of head posture
Head posture will be assessed using photographic methods and craniovertebral angle. The craniovertebral angle is calculated as the angle between a horizontal line passing through C7 and a line extending from the tragus of the ear to C7 \[23\]. An angle less than 49 degrees indicates an anterior head position.
Day 1
Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT)
The cervical PPTs will be assessed using a mechanical pressure algometer (Baseline Force Gauge Model 12-0304; Baseline, NY, USA). A force will be applied perpendicularly to a 0.5 cm² area at an approximate rate of 3 N/s. While the patient is seated, pressure is applied at the midpoint of the upper trapezius muscle, and 2 cm lateral to the C2 spinous process bilaterally \[25\]. For each area, two measurements are taken at intervals, and the average of these measurements is calculated to determine the final value.
Day 1
Assessment of general cervical mobility
Cervical mobility will assessed using the CROM (Cervical Range of Motion) deluxe device, developed by the University of Minnesota. The CROM is an inclinometer system that utilizes gravity and magnetic effects \[26\]. It is validated for accuracy and reliability. The device consists of two fixed inclinometers for the sagittal and frontal planes, a horizontal inclinometer with a magnetic needle mounted on the top of the device, a magnetic neck brace, a scale-equipped arm with a ruler mounted on the top, and a vertebra locator arm with a weighing system.
Day 1
Assessment of upper cervical mobility
The CROM device is securely attached to the participant\&#39;s head while they lay supine on a treatment table. The evaluator asks the participant to relax while the neck is brought to its maximum cervical flexion. In the full flexion position, the head and neck are passively rotated as far as possible within the limits of comfortable pain or physiological stiffness. The procedure is repeated twice on each side with a 30-second rest between tests. The sensitivity of the flexion-rotation test was found to be 91%, its specificity 90%, and its overall diagnostic accuracy 91% . The cervical flexion-rotation test is an important tool in identifying movement impairment at the C1/2 segment and can be used accurately and reliably even by inexperienced examiners.
Day 1

Study Arms (2)

Smartphone addiction group

Participants with smartphone addiction

Other: Assessment of head posture:Other: Assessment of Cervical Pain Pressure ThresholdOther: Assessment of general cervical mobilityOther: Assessment of upper cervical mobilityOther: Assessment of Body Awareness

Control Group

Participants without smarthone addiction