NCT06586788

Brief Summary

The investigators' objective is to test an innovative method of autism diagnosis that integrates clinical evaluation and assessment of biobehavioral markers in a large high-risk community-referral sample of children in the primary care setting.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
154

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Jun 2019

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

7 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

June 7, 2019

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 23, 2022

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

September 23, 2022

Completed
2 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 4, 2024

Completed
15 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 19, 2024

Completed
1 month until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

October 31, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

October 31, 2024

Status Verified

October 1, 2024

Enrollment Period

3.3 years

First QC Date

September 4, 2024

Results QC Date

October 4, 2024

Last Update Submit

October 29, 2024

Conditions

Keywords

primary carebiomarkerseye-trackingdiagnosis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Agreement Between Composite Eye-tracking Biomarker and Expert Autism-specialist

    Sensitivity and specificity of a composite eye-tracking (i.e., index) test, which was a consolidated measure based on significant eye-tracking indices, compared to reference standard expert clinical autism diagnosis.

    Day 1

  • Agreement Between Integrated PCP, Eye-tracking Biomarker Score and Expert Autism-specialist

    Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis, based on recursive partitioning, is used to determine which combination of variables (EE Hub PCP diagnosis, diagnostic certainty, composite biomarker, and biomarker frequency \[sum of all individual biomarkers (0-6) that exceeded the 95% specificity threshold for each child\]) best predicted reference standard autism diagnosis.

    Day 1

Study Arms (1)

Children Undergoing Developmental Evaluation

EXPERIMENTAL

Participating EE Hubs referred a prospective, consecutive sample of children who received an EE Hub evaluation. Next, the study team traveled to the EE Hub to conduct a follow-up gold-standard autism diagnostic assessment (reference standard diagnosis) and eye-tracking biomarker battery (index test; Aim 2) within 16 weeks of EE Hub evaluation. Reference standard diagnosis was made by a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in autism diagnosis based upon a research evaluation including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), Vineland Adaptive Behaviors Scale, Third Edition (VABS-3), Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), and a caregiver interview to assess for DSM-5 autism criteria. Children also completed a short (\< 15min) eye-tracking activity where the children view a series of different images/videos while the children's eye movements and pupil diameter was measured.

Diagnostic Test: Eyelink Portable DuoDiagnostic Test: Integrated PCP Diagnosis and Eye-tracking Biomarker

Interventions

Eyelink Portable DuoDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eye-tracking data will be collected using a commercially-available remote eye-tracking system (Eyelink Portable Duo). Eye movements and pupil diameter will be collected while participants view a series of developmentally appropriate pictures and movies. The eye-tracker consists of two cameras; one that monitors eye movements and a second scene camera that monitors head movements, which permits eye tracking to take place without any equipment touching the child. Children will be asked to sit in highchair or on a caregiver's lap and will face a computer monitor. After a sticker is applied to the child's forehead and brief eye-movement calibration completed, next visual stimuli (i.e., pictures and videos) will be presented on a laptop computer monitor that is placed at approximately 60-80cm from the child. The eye tracking portion of the visit will last approximately 15 minutes or until the child is no longer able to attend to pictures/videos.

Children Undergoing Developmental Evaluation

A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) Analysis, based on recursive partitioning, was used to determine which combination of variables (EE Hub PCP diagnosis, diagnostic certainty, composite biomarker, and biomarker frequency \[sum of all individual biomarkers (0-6) that exceeded the 95% specificity threshold for each child\]) best predicted reference standard autism diagnosis.

Children Undergoing Developmental Evaluation

Eligibility Criteria

Age14 Months - 48 Months
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Young children ages 14-48 months seen at an EE hub and referred for a comprehensive autism evaluation.
  • Children must have English-speaking caregivers. Children must have a legal guardian that is able to provide consent.

You may not qualify if:

  • Child is younger than 14 months or older than 48 months. Child's caregiver(s) is/are not English-speaking.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (7)

Community Health Network

Anderson, Indiana, 46011, United States

Location

Margaret Mary Health Pediatrics

Batesville, Indiana, 47006, United States

Location

Riley Hospital for Children

Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States

Location

Meridian Health Pediatrics

Muncie, Indiana, 47304, United States

Location

Deaconess Riley Children's Specialty Center

Newburgh, Indiana, 47630, United States

Location

Primary Care Partners of South Bend

South Bend, Indiana, 46617, United States

Location

Lutheran Health Physicians Pediatric Healthcare

Warsaw, Indiana, 46580, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Autistic DisorderDisease

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Autism Spectrum DisorderChild Development Disorders, PervasiveNeurodevelopmental DisordersMental DisordersPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Limitations and Caveats

While the current study included a prospective, consecutively-referred sample of children evaluated for autism, a class imbalance was present; such an imbalance has the potential to overinflate accuracy metrics, and thus our findings should be interpreted with caution. Although 95% of children provided at least one usable eye-tracking measure, the percentage of usable data across each task varied significantly (50-94%).

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Rebecca McNally Keehn
Organization
Indiana School of Medicine

Study Officials

  • Rebecca McNally-Keehn, PhD, HSPP

    IU School of Medicine

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Brandon Keehn, PhD

    Purdue University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NA
Masking
NONE
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 4, 2024

First Posted

September 19, 2024

Study Start

June 7, 2019

Primary Completion

September 23, 2022

Study Completion

September 23, 2022

Last Updated

October 31, 2024

Results First Posted

October 31, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Data from this study is submitted to the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA). NDA is a data repository run by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) that allows researchers studying autism and other conditions to collect and share deidentified information with each other. A data repository is a large database where information from many studies is stored and managed. During and after the study, the researchers will send deidentified information to NDA. Other researchers nationwide can then file an application with the NIMH to obtain access deidentified study data for research purposes.

Time Frame
Investigators will follow NIMH NDAR policies for submission of data.
Access Criteria
Investigators will follow NIMH NDAR policies for submission of data. Other researchers nationwide can file an application with the NIMH to obtain access deidentified study data for research purposes.
More information

Locations