Effect of Two Preventive Exercise Programs for Swimmer's Shoulder on the Torque of Shoulder Rotator Muscles in Competitive Swimmers

NCT06552585 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: SchoolAHSP
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of two 12-week preventive exercise programs for swimmer's shoulder with monitoring and progression over time, on the peak torque and respective conventional concentric ratio and functional ratio. One of these programs was performed with weights and the other with an elastic band. This study hypothesized that the two preventive exercise programs minimize shoulder rotators imbalanced during the swimming season. The study design is a care provider and participants blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial

Conditions

Shoulder Pain; Injury;Sports; Sports Physical Therapy

Keywords

Swimmer's shoulder; Elastic band program; Weight program; Shoulder rotators; Injury prevention; Swimming

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Peak torque

  The concentric and eccentric peak torque of internal and external rotators of the dominant and non-dominant shoulders at 60°/s, 120°/s and 180°/s, evaluated through an isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 (Biodex Medical Systems, New York).

  12 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Conventional concentric external/internal shoulder rotators ratio

  12 weeks

• Functional eccentric external/concentric internal shoulder rotators ratio

  12 weeks

• Time to peak torque

  12 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Weight program group

EXPERIMENTAL

Other: 12-weeks weight prevention program

Elastic band program group

EXPERIMENTAL

Other: 12-weeks elastic band prevention program

Control

SHAM COMPARATOR

Other: sham intervention

Interventions

12-weeks weight prevention program OTHER

Twice a week, over 12-weeks, the weight program group carried out a strength program with the 5 open kinetic chain exercises most often reported in the literature to prevent swimmer's shoulder - internal rotation at 90°, external rotation at 90°, scapular punches, T's, and Y's - with two weights Domyos with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 kg.The load used to perform the programs with weights were previously assessed and adjusted for each swimmer, corresponding to 75% of one repetition maximum. After 6 weeks of program execution, each swimmer carried out another one repetition maximum test assessment, to verify the possibility of a load instrument progression.

Weight program group

12-weeks elastic band prevention program OTHER

Twice a week, over 12-weeks, the elastic band program group carried out a strength program with the 5 open kinetic chain exercises most often reported in the literature to prevent swimmer's shoulder - internal rotation at 90°, external rotation at 90°, scapular punches, T's, and Y's - with an elastic band Bodytone Power Band with 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 kg weights Domyos.The load used to perform the programs with weights were previously assessed and adjusted for each swimmer, corresponding to 75% of one repetition maximum. After 6 weeks of program execution, each swimmer carried out another one repetition maximum test assessment, to verify the possibility of a load instrument progression.

Elastic band program group

sham intervention OTHER

The control group performed a sham intervention, twice a week, for 12-weeks. This intervention consisted of 2 sets of 10 repetitions of 5 shoulder mobility exercises, without preventive aim, normally carried out in warm-up before training: shoulder maximum flexion and extension, horizontal abduction and adduction starting from 90º of shoulder abduction, maximum internal/external rotation starting from 90º of shoulder abduction, circumduction of the shoulder in a clockwise direction and circumduction of the shoulder in a counterclockwise direction. There was no progression after 6-weeks of this sham intervention. The coach of the respective team checked the execution of the exercises, but there was no individualized monitoring with a regular exercise technique correction by a physiotherapist.

Control

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 16 Years - 35 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Competitve swimmer in the current season.
• Aged between 16-35 years old.
• Have a minimum of 5 years of experience in national competitions.
• Performed a minimum of 8 hours of weekly swimming training.

You may not qualify if:

• Subjects who had performed at least 6 weeks of treatment such as physical therapy, injections, and medication.
• Clinical situations such as a history of significant shoulder pain in the last 6 months, a history of traumatic shoulder injuries such as fractures, subluxations, cervical or thoracic conditions, previous shoulder surgeries, shoulder range of motion deficits, or neurological injuries.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• School of Allied Health Sciences of Porto (ESTSP) - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP): lead
• University of Coimbra: collaborator
• Instituto Politécnico de Leiria: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra - RoboCorp

Coimbra, 3045-093, Portugal

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Tavares N, Vilas-Boas JP, Castro MA. Effect of Preventive Exercise Programs for Swimmer's Shoulder Injury on Rotator Cuff Torque and Balance in Competitive Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Mar 1;13(5):538. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13050538.

  PMID: 40077099 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Shoulder Pain; Athletic Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Arthralgia; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Wounds and Injuries

Study Officials

• Maria António Castro, PhD

  Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER
• Masking Details: The physiotherapist who carried out the swimmer's interventions was external to the study. The participants were unaware of the existence of other sample groups.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: Care provider and participants blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 7, 2024
• First Posted: August 14, 2024
• Study Start: September 1, 2022
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2022
• Study Completion: April 30, 2023
• Last Updated: August 14, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PT (1)