Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Cricket Players

NCT06536777 | Recruiting DMC

• 1 other identifier: REC/RCR & AHS/23/0468
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 32
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Cricket is not only a widely played team sport, but it also involves intricate skills that are honed over time, especially in bowling. One of the key concerns for bowlers is the risk of developing shoulder injuries due to imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups. To address this, the Ballistic Six program focuses on functional exercises that replicate the movements and forces involved in the overhead throwing motion, helping to enhance strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance in the rotator cuff muscles. By incorporating plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity manner, the program aims to take advantage of the stretch reflex and reduce the amortization phase of the stretch shortening cycle. Additionally, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown promising results in promoting muscle growth and strength. By applying a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests, BFR induces muscle hypoxia while restricting venous return, leading to increased lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm. These training methods can contribute to the overall performance and injury prevention of medium pace cricket bowlers.

Conditions

Plyometric Exercise; Blood Flow Restriction Training

Keywords

Plyometric training; Blood flow restriction

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Agility

  Will be measured by Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability (CKCUES) Test

  0 week, 8 week

• Strength

  Will be measured by Seated medicine ball throw test

  0 week, 8 week

• Functional Ability

  Will be measured by Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score

  0 week, 8 week

Study Arms (2)

Plyometric Training

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Ballistic six exercises (Elastic ER, Elastic 90/90 ER, Overhead throw, 90/90 flexion ER Decel Throw, 90/90 Abduction ER Decel Throw, Internal Rotation). Ballistic Six plyometric training, done 2 days a week for 8 weeks, was given to the bowlers for rotator cuff muscles of their dominant shoulders. Exercises were performed using 3 sets of 10-20 repetitions, with 30 s of rest between each set. The progression of the training protocol. The equipment utilized in the Ballistic Six exercises included medicine balls (2-lb for single arm exercises and 6-lb for the 2-handed exercises). Subjects continued their strength and conditioning activities in off-season along with the Ballistic Six exercises. Following 8 weeks of training, post-readings for the bowling velocity, identical to that described in the pretesting protocol, were obtained and documented.

Other: Plyometric Exercises

Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training

EXPERIMENTAL

Experiment group received Ballistic six exercises with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training. Regularly monitor and supervise the training sessions. BFR training is a method that mimics the effects of high intensity training by combining low intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. A pneumatic cuff, often known as a tourniquet, is applied proximally to the muscle that is being trained. It can be used on the lower or upper extremity. The next step is to inflate the cuff to a certain pressure in order to achieve both total and partial venous blockage. The patient is then instructed to conduct resistance exercises with high repetitions (15-30) and short rest periods (30 sec) at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM).

Other: Plyometric Exercises; Other: Blood Flow Restriction Training

Interventions

Plyometric Exercises OTHER

This include Plyometric Training for 8 weeks

Plyometric Training; Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training

Blood Flow Restriction Training OTHER

This include Blood Flow Restriction Training for 8 weeks

Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Male players
• Age 18-25 years
• Active recreational players
• Minimum score on Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score questionnaire should be above 60.
• In Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test rest interval should be from 40-45 seconds.
• Athletes playing cricket with minimum 1 year experience

You may not qualify if:

• Players not actively involved in training and competition
• History of systemic disease
• Prior surgery history
• Ligamentous and GHJ injury
• Bone deformity
• Fractures of upper limb
• Vestibular and visual disorder
• Pre-existing shoulder pathologies or injuries

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Riphah International University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Dring Stadium

Bahawalpur, Punjab Province, 63100, Pakistan

RECRUITING

Related Publications (10)

• Ali K, Gupta S, Hussain ME, Alzhrani M, Manzar MD, Khan M, Alghadir AH. Effect of plyometric versus complex training on core strength, lower limb, and upper limb power in male cricketers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Nov 27;15(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00771-8.

  PMID: 38008712 BACKGROUND

• Singla D, Hussain ME. Adaptations of the Upper Body to Plyometric Training in Cricket Players of Different Age Groups. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;29(6):697-706. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0469. Print 2020 Aug 1.

  PMID: 31141445 BACKGROUND

• Maker R, Taliep MS. The effects of a four weeks combined resistance training programme on cricket bowling velocity. S Afr J Sports Med. 2021 Jun 10;33(1):v33i1a9002. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2021/v33i1a9002. eCollection 2021.

  PMID: 36816886 BACKGROUND

• Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Mikulic P. Effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A review. J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Sep;10(5):530-536. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.010. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

  PMID: 32579911 BACKGROUND

• Ramirez-Campillo R, Garcia-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022 Nov;11(6):656-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

  PMID: 33359798 BACKGROUND

• Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, Jacobs CA, Thompson KL, Hardy PA, Andersen AH, Fry CS, Noehren BW. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019 Aug 1;99(8):1010-1019. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz062.

  PMID: 30951598 BACKGROUND

• Pignanelli C, Christiansen D, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1163-1170. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

  PMID: 33600282 BACKGROUND

• Wortman RJ, Brown SM, Savage-Elliott I, Finley ZJ, Mulcahey MK. Blood Flow Restriction Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Jun;49(7):1938-1944. doi: 10.1177/0363546520964454. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

  PMID: 33196300 BACKGROUND

• Hwang PS, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms Behind Blood Flow-Restricted Training and its Effect Toward Muscle Growth. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul;33 Suppl 1:S167-S179. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002384.

  PMID: 30011262 BACKGROUND

• Lambert B, Hedt C, Daum J, Taft C, Chaliki K, Epner E, McCulloch P. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Shoulder: A Case for Proximal Benefit. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Aug;49(10):2716-2728. doi: 10.1177/03635465211017524. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

  PMID: 34110960 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Plyometric Exercise; Blood Flow Restriction Therapy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Exercise Therapy; Rehabilitation; Aftercare; Continuity of Patient Care; Patient Care; Therapeutics; Physical Therapy Modalities; Physical Conditioning, Human; Exercise; Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Mahnoor Majid, DPT

  Riphah International University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Muhammad Atif Javed, PP-DPT

CONTACT

+923317491071; atif.javed@riphah.edu.pk

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: The assessor who will take the readings is blind
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: Randomized Clinical Trial

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 31, 2024
• First Posted: August 5, 2024
• Study Start: June 25, 2024
• Primary Completion: September 25, 2024
• Study Completion: September 25, 2024
• Last Updated: August 5, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

PA (1)