Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation

NCT06511960 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IMU-GETAT-E-95961207
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 24
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory carotenoid. Research examining whether astaxanthin (AX) could counteract exercise-induced muscle damage and improve exercise capacity reported inconsistent results.Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of 4 weeks supplementation with AX on muscle damage markers, total antioxidant status, and subjective marker of muscle pain. Twenty-four males were randomly assigned to the AX12 group (12 mg/day; n=8), AX36 group (36 mg/day; n=9), or placebo group (PLC; n=7). After 4 weeks of supplementation, blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after, and at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours following eccentric arm exercise at 85% of predetermined one repetition maximum to assess muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), total antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and uric acid), and muscle pain levels were evaluated using the Numerical Visual Pain Scale0-10.

Conditions

Dietary Supplements

Keywords

Astaxanthin; supplements; antioxidant; muscle damage; resistance exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Assessment of Muscle Pain

  The pain sensation in the participants' elbow extensor and elbow flexor muscles was assessed using the NRS. NRS is one of the most widely used scales due to its simplicity and effectiveness for assessing pain intensity across various medical settings and research studies. This scale rates individuals' pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing the worst pain imaginable (1-3: mild pain, 4-6: moderate pain, 7-10: severe pain). In this study, we evaluated the participants' pain immediately after exercise and at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise. For this, participants were instructed to move their arms, which were used in the 1RM eccentric arm exercise, from a fully bent position to a fully straight position. During this movement, participants were asked to rate the intensity of pain they experienced.

  2-6 months

• Assessment of Malondialdehyde (MDA)

  MDA is a natural product of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a well-known mechanism of animal and plant cell damage and suggests the level of oxidative stress or damage in cells and tissues. The MDA levels were assessed using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits (Cayman TBARS, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, item no. 10009055) based on the trichloroacetic acid method in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The absorbance measurements were taken using the ChemWell 2910 ELISA reader device (Awareness, Technology, Inc. Martin Hwy. Palm City, USA). The results were presented as mmol Trolox Equiv./L for TAS and µM for MDA.

  2-6 months

• Assessment of Total Antioxidant Status (TAS)

  Serum TAS (mmol Trolox Equiv./L) was determined using the Rel Assay Diagnostics kit (Mega Tip, Gaziantep, Turkey) using the method developed by Erel. This method mediates the production of a hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical is the most powerful among biological radicals. In the test, the Fe ion solution present in reagent 1 is mixed with hydrogen peroxide present in reagent 2. Using this method, the antioxidative effect of the sample against the strong free radical reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical produced was measured. The test had excellent sensitivity values of \> 97%. Results were expressed as millimoles of Trolox equivalents per liter (mmol Trolox Equiv./L).

  2-6 months

• Assessment of Muscle Damage Markers: Creatine kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

  Serum CK and LDH were analyzed on a fully automatic analyzer (Roche Cobas Integra 400 Plus, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) using ROCHE kits (Mannheim, Germany). Data were calculated using linear regression and measurements were taken at 550 nm.

  2-6 months

• Assessment of Uric Acid

  Uric acid were analyzed on a fully automatic analyzer (Roche Cobas Integra 400 Plus, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) using ROCHE kits (Mannheim, Germany). Data were calculated using linear regression and measurements were taken at 550 nm.

  2-6 months

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Measurement of One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Arm Strength

  1-5 months

Study Arms (3)

Astaxanthin (12 mg/day) group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In this group, participants ingested either 12 mg/day (AX12) for 4 weeks.

Other: Astaxanthin (12 mg/day) intervention

Astaxanthin (36 mg/day) group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

In this group, participants ingested either 36 mg/day (AX36) for 4 weeks.

Other: 36 mg/day astaxanthin intervention

Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

In this group, participants ingested the placebo capsules that were identical in appearance and dimensions to the astaxanthin supplement.

Other: Placebo

Interventions

Astaxanthin (12 mg/day) intervention OTHER

12 mg/day astaxanthin was administrated to all participants in the astaxanthin 12 mg/day groupfor 4 weeks. Following this supplementation protocol, we assessed the muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), total antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and uric acid), and muscle pain levels were evaluated using the Numerical Visual Pain Scale0-10.

Astaxanthin (12 mg/day) group

36 mg/day astaxanthin intervention OTHER

36 mg/day astaxanthin was administrated to all participants in the astaxanthin 36 mg/day group for 4 weeks. Following this supplementation protocol, we assessed the muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), total antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and uric acid), and muscle pain levels were evaluated using the Numerical Visual Pain Scale0-10.

Astaxanthin (36 mg/day) group

Placebo OTHER

12 mg/day placebo was administrated to all participants in the placebo group for 4 weeks. Following the placebo supplementation, we assessed the muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), total antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and uric acid), and muscle pain levels were evaluated using the Numerical Visual Pain Scale0-10.

Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 19 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy males engaging in recreational activity Aged between 20 and 30 years Non-smoker Not participating in any structured training regimen (i.e., endurance or resistance training programs)

You may not qualify if:

• Use of any supplement or regular medications, Having hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Hacettepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Muhammed Atakan

Ankara, 06690, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (14)

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  PMID: 33420603 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 12039450 BACKGROUND

• Vina J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Lloret A, Marquez R, Minana JB, Pallardo FV, Sastre J. Free radicals in exhaustive physical exercise: mechanism of production, and protection by antioxidants. IUBMB Life. 2000 Oct-Nov;50(4-5):271-7. doi: 10.1080/713803729.

  PMID: 11327321 BACKGROUND

• He F, Li J, Liu Z, Chuang CC, Yang W, Zuo L. Redox Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Exercise. Front Physiol. 2016 Nov 7;7:486. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00486. eCollection 2016.

  PMID: 27872595 BACKGROUND

• Kuru D, Aktitiz S, Atakan MM, Kose MG, Turnagol HH, Kosar SN. Effect of Pre-exercise Sodium Citrate Ingestion on Repeated Sprint Performance in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Mar 1;38(3):556-562. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004651. Epub 2024 Jan 19.

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• Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 Sep;120(9):1965-1996. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

  PMID: 32661771 BACKGROUND

• Brotosudarmo THP, Limantara L, Setiyono E, Heriyanto. Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application. Int J Food Sci. 2020 Jul 20;2020:2156582. doi: 10.1155/2020/2156582. eCollection 2020.

  PMID: 32775406 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 16431409 BACKGROUND

• Cao Y, Yang L, Qiao X, Xue C, Xu J. Dietary astaxanthin: an excellent carotenoid with multiple health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(18):3019-3045. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983766. Epub 2021 Sep 28.

  PMID: 34581210 BACKGROUND

• Brown DR, Gough LA, Deb SK, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR. Astaxanthin in Exercise Metabolism, Performance and Recovery: A Review. Front Nutr. 2018 Jan 18;4:76. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00076. eCollection 2017.

  PMID: 29404334 BACKGROUND

• Waldman HS, Bryant AR, Parten AL, Grozier CD, McAllister MJ. Astaxanthin Supplementation Does Not Affect Markers of Muscle Damage or Inflammation After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Protocol in Resistance-Trained Males. J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Jul 1;37(7):e413-e421. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004408. Epub 2023 Jan 18.

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• Naguib YM. Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Apr;48(4):1150-4. doi: 10.1021/jf991106k.

  PMID: 10775364 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Interventions

astaxanthine; Methods

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Investigative Techniques

Study Officials

• Muhammed Atakan, PhD

  Hacettepe University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology

Model Details: Placebo-controlled, double-blind and three-group parallel design

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 9, 2024
• First Posted: July 22, 2024
• Study Start: September 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: January 1, 2024
• Study Completion: April 15, 2024
• Last Updated: July 22, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)