NCT06443814

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of stress reduction with meditation to a health education (HE) group in 201 older African American women over a one-year study period. They were randomly allocated to either of two behavioral treatment groups-the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program or a health education (HE) program. Participants were recruited, tested, and instructed at two clinical sites: Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC and Morehouse (School of Medicine) Healthcare, Atlanta, GA. Main outcome measures were carotid intima-media thickness, insulin resistance, and behavioral factors.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
201

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_2

Timeline
Completed

Started Jul 2001

Typical duration for phase_2

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 1, 2001

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 1, 2004

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 1, 2004

Completed
19 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 13, 2023

Completed
7 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

June 5, 2024

Completed
Last Updated

May 31, 2025

Status Verified

May 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

3.3 years

First QC Date

November 13, 2023

Last Update Submit

May 27, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

MeditationTranscendental MeditationHealth EducationPreventionHealth DisparitiesWomen's Health

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT)

    B mode ultrasound measurement of carotid artery wall thickness

    0 and 12 months

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Hemoglobin A1c

    Before and after 12 months of intervention and follow up

  • Insulin resistance

    0 and 12 months

  • Lipids

    0 and 12 months

  • Blood pressure

    0, 4 and 12 months

  • Physical Activity

    0, 4 and 12 months

Study Arms (2)

Transcendental Meditation

EXPERIMENTAL

The TM technique is practiced for 20 minutes twice a day. Participants were instructed by a certified teacher in 7-step course to learn how to meditate according to previously standardized and validated procedures.

Behavioral: Transcendental Meditation

Health Education

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The health education group was matched for instructor time and attention to the TM group. The classroom-based health education group received AHA-based guidelines for healthy diet, exercise and control of substance use. No stress management techniques are taught in this group.

Behavioral: Health Education

Interventions

This was a didactic classroom-based control which educates the patient on adapting a healthier lifestyle through proper diet, exercise, and moderating substance usage according to current AHA guidelines. This intervention does not include a stress management component.

Also known as: HE
Health Education

TM was taught in a standardized and validated format as a simple, natural mental technique practiced for 20 minutes twice a day (morning and evening) to give rest and relaxation to mind and body. TM was taught by a certified instructor and a 7-step process taking place over 4 consecutive days after which the meditator can practice at home twice a day.

Also known as: TM technique, TM
Transcendental Meditation

Eligibility Criteria

Age55 Years+
Sexfemale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility Detailsself identified women
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • African American women,
  • years or older with at least one of the five cardiovascular conditions (below):
  • Either/or:
  • coronary heart disease or
  • positive coronary angiography or
  • previous MI or
  • coronary revascularization or
  • percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
  • OR a risk factor assessment score of at least two points based on the Framingham study/ATP III report. Risk factors included diabetes, high systolic or diastolic BP, high cholesterol, high LDL-low HDL or smoking.

You may not qualify if:

  • Recent (last 3 months):
  • myocardial infarction
  • unstable angina
  • coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG)
  • percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
  • stroke within the preceding three months
  • carotid artery endarterectomy
  • atrial fibrillation
  • second or third degree AV block
  • heart failure
  • clinically significant valvular heart disease
  • major psychiatric disorders,
  • current alcohol/dependency disorder
  • other drug abuse dependency disorder
  • non-cardiac life-threatening illness
  • +3 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Howard University Heart Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Location

Morehouse School of Medicine - Morehouse Medical Associates

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

AtherosclerosisMetabolic SyndromeHealth Education

Interventions

Meditation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

ArteriosclerosisArterial Occlusive DiseasesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesInsulin ResistanceHyperinsulinismGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesAdherence InterventionsMedication AdherencePatient CompliancePatient Acceptance of Health CareTreatment Adherence and ComplianceHealth BehaviorBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mind-Body TherapiesComplementary TherapiesTherapeuticsSpiritual TherapiesRelaxation TherapyBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

  • Linda Heaton

    Institute for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi International University

    STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Investigators, data collectors and usual medical providers were blinded to participant treatment status. Participants in both intervention groups were given similar expectations of positive outcomes.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: This was a phase 2 randomized controlled trial of two behavioral interventions-Meditation and Health Education.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Director, Institute for Natural Medicine and Prevention

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 13, 2023

First Posted

June 5, 2024

Study Start

July 1, 2001

Primary Completion

November 1, 2004

Study Completion

November 1, 2004

Last Updated

May 31, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-05

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations