NCT06378957

Brief Summary

The current clinical trial will investigate the effects of orally administered d-limonene (limonene), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the combination in healthy adult volunteers.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
65

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_1

Timeline
20mo left

Started Feb 2025

Typical duration for phase_1

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress43%
Feb 2025Dec 2027

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 18, 2024

Completed
5 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 23, 2024

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 14, 2025

Completed
2.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

July 1, 2027

Expected
6 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 31, 2027

Last Updated

May 16, 2025

Status Verified

May 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

2.4 years

First QC Date

April 18, 2024

Last Update Submit

May 13, 2025

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Subjective Drug Effect as assessed by Visual Analog Scale

    Subjective drug effect will be measured on a 100 point visual analog scale (VAS) where 0 = no drug effect and 100 = strongest drug effect imaginable

    8 hours after dosing

Secondary Outcomes (4)

  • Subjective Drug Liking as assessed by Visual Analog Scale

    8 hours after dosing

  • Subjective anxiety as assessed by Visual Analog Scale

    8 hours after dosing

  • Subjective hunger as assessed by Visual Analog Scale

    8 hours after dosing

  • Subjective paranoia as assessed by Visual Analog Scale

    8 hours after dosing

Study Arms (6)

Oral Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Placebo (cellulose), via capsule

Drug: Placebo

Oral THC 30mg

EXPERIMENTAL

30mg pure THC in ethanol vehicle, via capsule

Drug: Delta-9-THC

Oral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 25mg

EXPERIMENTAL

30mg pure THC in ethanol vehicle, via capsule 25mg pure D-Limonene, via capsule

Drug: D-LimoneneDrug: Delta-9-THC

Oral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 50mg

EXPERIMENTAL

30mg pure THC in ethanol vehicle, via capsule 50mg pure D-Limonene, via capsule

Drug: D-LimoneneDrug: Delta-9-THC

Oral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 100mg

EXPERIMENTAL

30mg pure THC in ethanol vehicle, via capsule 100mg pure D-Limonene, via capsule

Drug: D-LimoneneDrug: Delta-9-THC

Oral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 200mg

EXPERIMENTAL

30mg pure THC in ethanol vehicle, via capsule 200mg pure D-Limonene, via capsule

Drug: D-LimoneneDrug: Delta-9-THC

Interventions

Oral Limonene administered via capsule

Oral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 100mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 200mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 25mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 50mg

Oral delta-9-THC in ethanol vehicle administered via capsule

Also known as: THC
Oral THC 30mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 100mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 200mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 25mgOral THC 30mg + D-Limonene 50mg

Placebo (cellulose) administered via capsule

Oral Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years - 55 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Have provided written informed consent
  • Be between the ages of 21 and 55
  • Be in good general health based on a physical examination, medical history, vital signs, and screening urine and blood tests
  • Test negative for drugs of abuse other than cannabis, including breath alcohol at the screening visit and at clinic admission
  • Not be pregnant or nursing (if female). All females must have a negative serum pregnancy test at the screening visit and a negative urine pregnancy test at clinic admission.
  • Have a body mass index (BMI) in the range of 18 to 36 kg/m2
  • Blood pressure at Screening Visit does not exceed a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 150 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg
  • Have no allergies to any of the ingredients used to prepare (cellulose, THC, d-limonene).
  • Report having used a high THC cannabis product in the past 3 years and having experienced anxiety after consuming cannabis at least once in lifetime.

You may not qualify if:

  • Non-medical use of psychoactive drugs other than, nicotine, alcohol, or caffeine 3 month prior to the Screening Visit;
  • History of or current evidence of significant medical (e.g. seizure disorder) or psychiatric illness (e.g. psychosis) judged by the investigator to put the participant at greater risk of experiencing an adverse event due to exposure or completion of other study procedures.
  • Use of an over the counter (OTC), systemic or topical drug(s), herbal supplement(s), or vitamin(s) within 14 days of experimental sessions; which, in the opinion of the investigator or sponsor, will interfere with the study result or the safety of the subject.
  • Use of a prescription medication (with the exception of birth control prescriptions) within 14 days of experimental sessions; which, in the opinion of the investigator or sponsor, will interfere with the study result or the safety of the subject.
  • Average use of cannabis more than 2 times per week in the prior 3 months.
  • History of clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias or vasospastic disease (e.g., Prinzmetal's angina).
  • Enrolled in another clinical trial or have received any drug as part of a research study within 30 days prior to dosing.
  • Individuals with anemia or who have donated blood in the prior 30 days

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Johns Hopkins Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit

Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Interventions

LimoneneDronabinol

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cyclohexane MonoterpenesCyclohexanesCycloparaffinsHydrocarbons, AlicyclicHydrocarbons, CyclicHydrocarbonsOrganic ChemicalsCyclohexenesMonoterpenesTerpenesCannabinoids

Study Officials

  • Austin Zamarripa, PhD

    Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Austin Zamarripa, PhD

CONTACT

Lauren S Pollak, MSc

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 1
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
place controlled, double-blind
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Model Details: Within-subjects design where participants are randomly assigned to dose conditions
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 18, 2024

First Posted

April 23, 2024

Study Start

February 14, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2027

Last Updated

May 16, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-05

Locations