NCT06109129

Brief Summary

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common developmental disorder in childhood. Individuals' independence in daily living activities and participation in education, games, social and community activities are restricted. Technology applications in the field of rehabilitation are gaining momentum. EXOPULSE Mollii Suit method, one of the newest rehabilitation technology products, is a non-invasive neuromodulation approach with a garment that covers the whole body and electrodes placed inside. Designed to improve motor function by reducing spasticity and pain, the method is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition, which occurs by stimulating the antagonist of a spastic muscle at low frequencies and intensities. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the effectiveness of the Mollii Suit application on gross and fine motor function, spasticity severity, balance, walking, selective motor control, postural control, daily living activities, quality of life, pain and sleep quality in individuals with ambulatory spastic CP.

Trial Health

57
Monitor

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Trial has exceeded expected completion date
Enrollment
32

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Nov 2023

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 25, 2023

Completed
6 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 31, 2023

Completed
5 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

November 5, 2023

Completed
2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 5, 2025

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 5, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

July 11, 2025

Status Verified

July 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

2 years

First QC Date

October 25, 2023

Last Update Submit

July 8, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

Cerebral PalsyRehabilitation TechnologySpasticityElectrotherapy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • The Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS)

    Set up one of the cameras at the end of the 8m walkway track line to capture a coronal view. Place the second camera facing the center of the walkway to capture the sagittal view. The second camera should be set far enough away so as to capture the middle four meters of each trial. A patient should be able to complete two full strides in this distance. Adjust the cameras to be level with the height of the patient's greater trochanter. Record the patient walking back and forth along the walkway. The patient should be barefoot. Open the video recordings in any video player software and take screenshots of each gait cycle event from both coronal and sagittal views. There are 17 observational parameters that should be measured. Each parameter is scored based on either observed condition or measured joint angles. A three-point scale is used for each parameter. After scores have been assigned for each parameter, all scores should be summed.

    10-15 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (10)

  • The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)

    45-60 minutes

  • Tardieu Scale

    10-15 minutes

  • Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS)

    15-20 minutes

  • Modified Timed Up and Go Test

    3-5 minutes

  • Modified Functional Reach Test

    3-5 minutes

  • +5 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Intervention Group

EXPERIMENTAL

First group will participate in the Mollii Suit application for 60 minutes 3 days a week. Mollii Suit consists of a pair of trousers and a jacket. It is a neuromodulation garment consisting of a non-invasive removable control unit that sends electrical signals to the user through electrodes inside. The child will wear the Molli Suit when he/she comes to each session, and the child will be asked to sit or lie down throughout the application in order to avoid any interference with the effectiveness of the suit.

Device: EXOPULSE Mollii Suit

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

The control group will continue the routine pediatric physiotherapy program 3 days a week. This program, which includes exercises appropriate to the child's motor function level, includes stair climbing, walking exercises, balance, strengthening and flexibility exercises.

Interventions

EXOPULSE Mollii Suit is a personal assistive medical device which is used for low energy whole body transcutaneous electrical stimulation - 20 Volt and 20 Hz. It is composed of a control unit, a jacket and pants with 58 embedded electrodes in direct contact with the skin. EXOPULSE Mollii Suit is used for activation of muscles or relaxation of spastic muscles mediated by a physiological reflex mechanism referred to as reciprocal inhibition. By sending an electrical signal to an antagonistic muscle, the spastic muscle may subsequently relax.

Intervention Group

Eligibility Criteria

Age4 Years - 18 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Being a voluntary participant in the study,
  • Having a diagnosis of spastic CP,
  • Being between 1-3 on the Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS),
  • Being between the ages of 4 and 18,
  • Being able to express pain and discomfort

You may not qualify if:

  • Being between 4-5 on Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS)
  • Having Botolunim Toxin A application before 3 months
  • Having a surgical intervention before 6 months
  • Having a shunt or an invasive medical pump (baclofen, insulin, etc.)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Gazi University

Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

Related Publications (35)

  • Serdaroglu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;48(6):413-6. doi: 10.1017/S0012162206000910.

    PMID: 16700929BACKGROUND
  • Novak I, Hines M, Goldsmith S, Barclay R. Clinical prognostic messages from a systematic review on cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2012 Nov;130(5):e1285-312. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0924. Epub 2012 Oct 8.

    PMID: 23045562BACKGROUND
  • Jones RA, Riethmuller A, Hesketh K, Trezise J, Batterham M, Okely AD. Promoting fundamental movement skill development and physical activity in early childhood settings: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011 Nov;23(4):600-15. doi: 10.1123/pes.23.4.600.

    PMID: 22109783BACKGROUND
  • Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, Finch-Edmondson M, Galea C, Hines A, Langdon K, Namara MM, Paton MC, Popat H, Shore B, Khamis A, Stanton E, Finemore OP, Tricks A, Te Velde A, Dark L, Morton N, Badawi N. State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;20(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z.

    PMID: 32086598BACKGROUND
  • Booth ATC, Buizer AI, Meyns P, Oude Lansink ILB, Steenbrink F, van der Krogt MM. The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018 Sep;60(9):866-883. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13708. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

    PMID: 29512110BACKGROUND
  • Chen Y, Fanchiang HD, Howard A. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther. 2018 Jan 1;98(1):63-77. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx107.

    PMID: 29088476BACKGROUND
  • Salazar AP, Pagnussat AS, Pereira GA, Scopel G, Lukrafka JL. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Sep-Oct;23(5):378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

    PMID: 30712812BACKGROUND
  • van Hedel HJA, Severini G, Scarton A, O'Brien A, Reed T, Gaebler-Spira D, Egan T, Meyer-Heim A, Graser J, Chua K, Zutter D, Schweinfurther R, Moller JC, Paredes LP, Esquenazi A, Berweck S, Schroeder S, Warken B, Chan A, Devers A, Petioky J, Paik NJ, Kim WS, Bonato P, Boninger M; ARTIC network. Advanced Robotic Therapy Integrated Centers (ARTIC): an international collaboration facilitating the application of rehabilitation technologies. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018 Apr 6;15(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0366-y.

    PMID: 29625628BACKGROUND
  • Pennati GV, Bergling H, Carment L, Borg J, Lindberg PG, Palmcrantz S. Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity. Front Neurol. 2021 Oct 15;12:706610. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.706610. eCollection 2021.

    PMID: 34721255BACKGROUND
  • Arkkukangas M, Hedberg Graff J, Denison E. Evaluation of the electro-dress Mollii® to affect spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: Seven experimental single-case studies with an ABAB design. 2022;9(1). doi:10.1080/23311916.2022.2064587

    BACKGROUND
  • Hedin H, Wong C, Sjödén A. The effects of using an electrodress (Mollii®) to reduce spasticity and enhance functioning in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. https://doi.org/101080/2167916920201807602. 2020;24(3):134-143. doi:10.1080/21679169.2020.1807602

    BACKGROUND
  • Jonasson LL, Sorbo A, Ertzgaard P, Sandsjo L. Patients' Experiences of Self-Administered Electrotherapy for Spasticity in Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Study. J Rehabil Med. 2022 Feb 14;54:jrm00263. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v53.1131.

    PMID: 34935050BACKGROUND
  • Nordstrom B, Prellwitz M. A pilot study of children and parents experiences of the use of a new assistive device, the electro suit Mollii. Assist Technol. 2021 Sep 3;33(5):238-245. doi: 10.1080/10400435.2019.1579267. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

    PMID: 30945989BACKGROUND
  • Flodstrom C, Viklund Axelsson SA, Nordstrom B. A pilot study of the impact of the electro-suit Mollii(R) on body functions, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy. Assist Technol. 2022 Jul 4;34(4):411-417. doi: 10.1080/10400435.2020.1837288. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

    PMID: 33151822BACKGROUND
  • Rubio-Zarapuz A, Apolo-Arenas MD, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Costa AR, Pardo-Caballero D, Parraca JA. Acute Effects of a Session with The EXOPULSE Mollii Suit in a Fibromyalgia Patient: A Case Report. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 26;20(3):2209. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032209.

    PMID: 36767576BACKGROUND
  • Arkkukangas M, Graff JH, Denison E. Evaluation of the electro-dress Mollii® to affect spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: Seven experimental single-case studies with an ABAB design. Cogent Eng. 2022;9. doi:10.1080/23311916.2022.2064587

    BACKGROUND
  • Russell DJ, Avery LM, Rosenbaum PL, Raina PS, Walter SD, Palisano RJ. Improved scaling of the gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy: evidence of reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 2000 Sep;80(9):873-85.

    PMID: 10960935BACKGROUND
  • Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997 Apr;39(4):214-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x.

    PMID: 9183258BACKGROUND
  • Boyd RN, Kerr Graham H. Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. Europenn Journul qf Neurology. 1999;6:23-35. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.1999.tb00031.x

    BACKGROUND
  • Numanoglu A, Gunel MK. Intraobserver reliability of modified Ashworth scale and modified Tardieu scale in the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2012;46(3):196-200. doi: 10.3944/aott.2012.2697.

    PMID: 22659636BACKGROUND
  • Heyrman L, Molenaers G, Desloovere K, Verheyden G, De Cat J, Monbaliu E, Feys H. A clinical tool to measure trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: the Trunk Control Measurement Scale. Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):2624-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.06.012. Epub 2011 Jul 14.

    PMID: 21757321BACKGROUND
  • Ozal C, Ari G, Gunel MK. Inter-intra observer reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Trunk Control Measurement Scale in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2019 Sep;53(5):381-384. doi: 10.1016/j.aott.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

    PMID: 31303422BACKGROUND
  • Dhote SN, Khatri PA, Ganvir SS. Reliability of "Modified timed up and go" test in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2012 May;7(2):96-100. doi: 10.4103/1817-1745.102564.

    PMID: 23248683BACKGROUND
  • Bartlett D, Birmingham T. Validity and reliability of a pediatric reach test. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 Summer;15(2):84-92. doi: 10.1097/01.PEP.0000067885.63909.5C.

    PMID: 17057438BACKGROUND
  • Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990 Nov;45(6):M192-7. doi: 10.1093/geronj/45.6.m192.

    PMID: 2229941BACKGROUND
  • Ong AM, Hillman SJ, Robb JE. Reliability and validity of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score for cerebral palsy when used by inexperienced observers. Gait Posture. 2008 Aug;28(2):323-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.008. Epub 2008 Mar 6.

    PMID: 18328710BACKGROUND
  • Rathinam C, Bateman A, Peirson J, Skinner J. Observational gait assessment tools in paediatrics--a systematic review. Gait Posture. 2014 Jun;40(2):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.187. Epub 2014 Apr 18.

    PMID: 24798609BACKGROUND
  • Fowler EG, Staudt LA, Greenberg MB, Oppenheim WL. Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE): development, validation, and interrater reliability of a clinical tool for patients with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Aug;51(8):607-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03186.x. Epub 2009 Feb 12.

    PMID: 19220390BACKGROUND
  • James S, Ziviani J, Boyd R. A systematic review of activities of daily living measures for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014 Mar;56(3):233-44. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12226. Epub 2013 Aug 13.

    PMID: 23937056BACKGROUND
  • Atasavun Uysal S, Duger T, Elbasan B, Karabulut E, Toylan I. Reliability and Validity of The Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire in The Turkish Population. Percept Mot Skills. 2016 Feb;122(1):150-64. doi: 10.1177/0031512515625388. Epub 2016 Feb 1.

    PMID: 27420313BACKGROUND
  • Miro J, Castarlenas E, de la Vega R, Sole E, Tome-Pires C, Jensen MP, Engel JM, Racine M. Validity of three rating scales for measuring pain intensity in youths with physical disabilities. Eur J Pain. 2016 Jan;20(1):130-7. doi: 10.1002/ejp.704. Epub 2015 Mar 31.

    PMID: 25833415BACKGROUND
  • Kingsnorth S, Orava T, Provvidenza C, Adler E, Ami N, Gresley-Jones T, Mankad D, Slonim N, Fay L, Joachimides N, Hoffman A, Hung R, Fehlings D. Chronic Pain Assessment Tools for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e947-60. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0273.

    PMID: 26416940BACKGROUND
  • Bakir E. Pediatric Pain Assessment and Tools: The Influence of Culture and Age on Pain Assessment. Published online 2017. doi:10.5336/nurses.2016-52467

    BACKGROUND
  • Erwin AM, Bashore L. Subjective Sleep Measures in Children: Self-Report. Front Pediatr. 2017 Feb 13;5:22. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00022. eCollection 2017.

    PMID: 28243584BACKGROUND
  • Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Feb;109:8-14.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Cerebral PalsyMuscle Spasticity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Brain Damage, ChronicBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesMuscular DiseasesMusculoskeletal DiseasesMuscle HypertoniaNeuromuscular ManifestationsNeurologic ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Central Study Contacts

Hidayet Cuha, PHD Candidate

CONTACT

Merve Ozturk, PHD Student

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
All assessments will be performed by an experienced pediatric physiotherapist blinded to the study hypothesis and design. Statistical analysis of the study will be performed by a biostatistician blinded to the study hypotheses.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: A Double-Blınd Randomızed Controlled Study
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Lecturer (PHd student)

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 25, 2023

First Posted

October 31, 2023

Study Start

November 5, 2023

Primary Completion

November 5, 2025

Study Completion

November 5, 2025

Last Updated

July 11, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-07

Locations