Investıgatıon Of The Effectıveness Of The Mollıı Suıt In Chıldren Wıth Ambulatory Cerebral Palsy
1 other identifier
interventional
32
1 country
1
Brief Summary
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common developmental disorder in childhood. Individuals' independence in daily living activities and participation in education, games, social and community activities are restricted. Technology applications in the field of rehabilitation are gaining momentum. EXOPULSE Mollii Suit method, one of the newest rehabilitation technology products, is a non-invasive neuromodulation approach with a garment that covers the whole body and electrodes placed inside. Designed to improve motor function by reducing spasticity and pain, the method is based on the principle of reciprocal inhibition, which occurs by stimulating the antagonist of a spastic muscle at low frequencies and intensities. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the effectiveness of the Mollii Suit application on gross and fine motor function, spasticity severity, balance, walking, selective motor control, postural control, daily living activities, quality of life, pain and sleep quality in individuals with ambulatory spastic CP.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable
Started Nov 2023
Typical duration for not_applicable
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
October 25, 2023
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
October 31, 2023
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
November 5, 2023
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
November 5, 2025
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
November 5, 2025
CompletedJuly 11, 2025
July 1, 2025
2 years
October 25, 2023
July 8, 2025
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
The Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS)
Set up one of the cameras at the end of the 8m walkway track line to capture a coronal view. Place the second camera facing the center of the walkway to capture the sagittal view. The second camera should be set far enough away so as to capture the middle four meters of each trial. A patient should be able to complete two full strides in this distance. Adjust the cameras to be level with the height of the patient's greater trochanter. Record the patient walking back and forth along the walkway. The patient should be barefoot. Open the video recordings in any video player software and take screenshots of each gait cycle event from both coronal and sagittal views. There are 17 observational parameters that should be measured. Each parameter is scored based on either observed condition or measured joint angles. A three-point scale is used for each parameter. After scores have been assigned for each parameter, all scores should be summed.
10-15 minutes
Secondary Outcomes (10)
The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
45-60 minutes
Tardieu Scale
10-15 minutes
Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS)
15-20 minutes
Modified Timed Up and Go Test
3-5 minutes
Modified Functional Reach Test
3-5 minutes
- +5 more secondary outcomes
Study Arms (2)
Intervention Group
EXPERIMENTALFirst group will participate in the Mollii Suit application for 60 minutes 3 days a week. Mollii Suit consists of a pair of trousers and a jacket. It is a neuromodulation garment consisting of a non-invasive removable control unit that sends electrical signals to the user through electrodes inside. The child will wear the Molli Suit when he/she comes to each session, and the child will be asked to sit or lie down throughout the application in order to avoid any interference with the effectiveness of the suit.
Control Group
NO INTERVENTIONThe control group will continue the routine pediatric physiotherapy program 3 days a week. This program, which includes exercises appropriate to the child's motor function level, includes stair climbing, walking exercises, balance, strengthening and flexibility exercises.
Interventions
EXOPULSE Mollii Suit is a personal assistive medical device which is used for low energy whole body transcutaneous electrical stimulation - 20 Volt and 20 Hz. It is composed of a control unit, a jacket and pants with 58 embedded electrodes in direct contact with the skin. EXOPULSE Mollii Suit is used for activation of muscles or relaxation of spastic muscles mediated by a physiological reflex mechanism referred to as reciprocal inhibition. By sending an electrical signal to an antagonistic muscle, the spastic muscle may subsequently relax.
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Being a voluntary participant in the study,
- Having a diagnosis of spastic CP,
- Being between 1-3 on the Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS),
- Being between the ages of 4 and 18,
- Being able to express pain and discomfort
You may not qualify if:
- Being between 4-5 on Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS)
- Having Botolunim Toxin A application before 3 months
- Having a surgical intervention before 6 months
- Having a shunt or an invasive medical pump (baclofen, insulin, etc.)
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- Kastamonu Universitylead
- Gazi Universitycollaborator
Study Sites (1)
Gazi University
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Related Publications (35)
Serdaroglu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;48(6):413-6. doi: 10.1017/S0012162206000910.
PMID: 16700929BACKGROUNDNovak I, Hines M, Goldsmith S, Barclay R. Clinical prognostic messages from a systematic review on cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2012 Nov;130(5):e1285-312. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0924. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
PMID: 23045562BACKGROUNDJones RA, Riethmuller A, Hesketh K, Trezise J, Batterham M, Okely AD. Promoting fundamental movement skill development and physical activity in early childhood settings: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011 Nov;23(4):600-15. doi: 10.1123/pes.23.4.600.
PMID: 22109783BACKGROUNDNovak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, Finch-Edmondson M, Galea C, Hines A, Langdon K, Namara MM, Paton MC, Popat H, Shore B, Khamis A, Stanton E, Finemore OP, Tricks A, Te Velde A, Dark L, Morton N, Badawi N. State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;20(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z.
PMID: 32086598BACKGROUNDBooth ATC, Buizer AI, Meyns P, Oude Lansink ILB, Steenbrink F, van der Krogt MM. The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018 Sep;60(9):866-883. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13708. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
PMID: 29512110BACKGROUNDChen Y, Fanchiang HD, Howard A. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther. 2018 Jan 1;98(1):63-77. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx107.
PMID: 29088476BACKGROUNDSalazar AP, Pagnussat AS, Pereira GA, Scopel G, Lukrafka JL. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Sep-Oct;23(5):378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
PMID: 30712812BACKGROUNDvan Hedel HJA, Severini G, Scarton A, O'Brien A, Reed T, Gaebler-Spira D, Egan T, Meyer-Heim A, Graser J, Chua K, Zutter D, Schweinfurther R, Moller JC, Paredes LP, Esquenazi A, Berweck S, Schroeder S, Warken B, Chan A, Devers A, Petioky J, Paik NJ, Kim WS, Bonato P, Boninger M; ARTIC network. Advanced Robotic Therapy Integrated Centers (ARTIC): an international collaboration facilitating the application of rehabilitation technologies. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018 Apr 6;15(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0366-y.
PMID: 29625628BACKGROUNDPennati GV, Bergling H, Carment L, Borg J, Lindberg PG, Palmcrantz S. Effects of 60 Min Electrostimulation With the EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Objective Signs of Spasticity. Front Neurol. 2021 Oct 15;12:706610. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.706610. eCollection 2021.
PMID: 34721255BACKGROUNDArkkukangas M, Hedberg Graff J, Denison E. Evaluation of the electro-dress Mollii® to affect spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: Seven experimental single-case studies with an ABAB design. 2022;9(1). doi:10.1080/23311916.2022.2064587
BACKGROUNDHedin H, Wong C, Sjödén A. The effects of using an electrodress (Mollii®) to reduce spasticity and enhance functioning in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. https://doi.org/101080/2167916920201807602. 2020;24(3):134-143. doi:10.1080/21679169.2020.1807602
BACKGROUNDJonasson LL, Sorbo A, Ertzgaard P, Sandsjo L. Patients' Experiences of Self-Administered Electrotherapy for Spasticity in Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Study. J Rehabil Med. 2022 Feb 14;54:jrm00263. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v53.1131.
PMID: 34935050BACKGROUNDNordstrom B, Prellwitz M. A pilot study of children and parents experiences of the use of a new assistive device, the electro suit Mollii. Assist Technol. 2021 Sep 3;33(5):238-245. doi: 10.1080/10400435.2019.1579267. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
PMID: 30945989BACKGROUNDFlodstrom C, Viklund Axelsson SA, Nordstrom B. A pilot study of the impact of the electro-suit Mollii(R) on body functions, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy. Assist Technol. 2022 Jul 4;34(4):411-417. doi: 10.1080/10400435.2020.1837288. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
PMID: 33151822BACKGROUNDRubio-Zarapuz A, Apolo-Arenas MD, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Costa AR, Pardo-Caballero D, Parraca JA. Acute Effects of a Session with The EXOPULSE Mollii Suit in a Fibromyalgia Patient: A Case Report. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 26;20(3):2209. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032209.
PMID: 36767576BACKGROUNDArkkukangas M, Graff JH, Denison E. Evaluation of the electro-dress Mollii® to affect spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: Seven experimental single-case studies with an ABAB design. Cogent Eng. 2022;9. doi:10.1080/23311916.2022.2064587
BACKGROUNDRussell DJ, Avery LM, Rosenbaum PL, Raina PS, Walter SD, Palisano RJ. Improved scaling of the gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy: evidence of reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 2000 Sep;80(9):873-85.
PMID: 10960935BACKGROUNDPalisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997 Apr;39(4):214-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x.
PMID: 9183258BACKGROUNDBoyd RN, Kerr Graham H. Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. Europenn Journul qf Neurology. 1999;6:23-35. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.1999.tb00031.x
BACKGROUNDNumanoglu A, Gunel MK. Intraobserver reliability of modified Ashworth scale and modified Tardieu scale in the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2012;46(3):196-200. doi: 10.3944/aott.2012.2697.
PMID: 22659636BACKGROUNDHeyrman L, Molenaers G, Desloovere K, Verheyden G, De Cat J, Monbaliu E, Feys H. A clinical tool to measure trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: the Trunk Control Measurement Scale. Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):2624-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.06.012. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
PMID: 21757321BACKGROUNDOzal C, Ari G, Gunel MK. Inter-intra observer reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Trunk Control Measurement Scale in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2019 Sep;53(5):381-384. doi: 10.1016/j.aott.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
PMID: 31303422BACKGROUNDDhote SN, Khatri PA, Ganvir SS. Reliability of "Modified timed up and go" test in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2012 May;7(2):96-100. doi: 10.4103/1817-1745.102564.
PMID: 23248683BACKGROUNDBartlett D, Birmingham T. Validity and reliability of a pediatric reach test. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 Summer;15(2):84-92. doi: 10.1097/01.PEP.0000067885.63909.5C.
PMID: 17057438BACKGROUNDDuncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski S. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990 Nov;45(6):M192-7. doi: 10.1093/geronj/45.6.m192.
PMID: 2229941BACKGROUNDOng AM, Hillman SJ, Robb JE. Reliability and validity of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score for cerebral palsy when used by inexperienced observers. Gait Posture. 2008 Aug;28(2):323-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.008. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
PMID: 18328710BACKGROUNDRathinam C, Bateman A, Peirson J, Skinner J. Observational gait assessment tools in paediatrics--a systematic review. Gait Posture. 2014 Jun;40(2):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.187. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
PMID: 24798609BACKGROUNDFowler EG, Staudt LA, Greenberg MB, Oppenheim WL. Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE): development, validation, and interrater reliability of a clinical tool for patients with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Aug;51(8):607-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03186.x. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
PMID: 19220390BACKGROUNDJames S, Ziviani J, Boyd R. A systematic review of activities of daily living measures for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014 Mar;56(3):233-44. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12226. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
PMID: 23937056BACKGROUNDAtasavun Uysal S, Duger T, Elbasan B, Karabulut E, Toylan I. Reliability and Validity of The Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire in The Turkish Population. Percept Mot Skills. 2016 Feb;122(1):150-64. doi: 10.1177/0031512515625388. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
PMID: 27420313BACKGROUNDMiro J, Castarlenas E, de la Vega R, Sole E, Tome-Pires C, Jensen MP, Engel JM, Racine M. Validity of three rating scales for measuring pain intensity in youths with physical disabilities. Eur J Pain. 2016 Jan;20(1):130-7. doi: 10.1002/ejp.704. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
PMID: 25833415BACKGROUNDKingsnorth S, Orava T, Provvidenza C, Adler E, Ami N, Gresley-Jones T, Mankad D, Slonim N, Fay L, Joachimides N, Hoffman A, Hung R, Fehlings D. Chronic Pain Assessment Tools for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e947-60. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0273.
PMID: 26416940BACKGROUNDBakir E. Pediatric Pain Assessment and Tools: The Influence of Culture and Age on Pain Assessment. Published online 2017. doi:10.5336/nurses.2016-52467
BACKGROUNDErwin AM, Bashore L. Subjective Sleep Measures in Children: Self-Report. Front Pediatr. 2017 Feb 13;5:22. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00022. eCollection 2017.
PMID: 28243584BACKGROUNDRosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Feb;109:8-14.
PMID: 17370477RESULT
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Central Study Contacts
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- DOUBLE
- Who Masked
- INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
- Masking Details
- All assessments will be performed by an experienced pediatric physiotherapist blinded to the study hypothesis and design. Statistical analysis of the study will be performed by a biostatistician blinded to the study hypotheses.
- Purpose
- TREATMENT
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
- PI Title
- Lecturer (PHd student)
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
October 25, 2023
First Posted
October 31, 2023
Study Start
November 5, 2023
Primary Completion
November 5, 2025
Study Completion
November 5, 2025
Last Updated
July 11, 2025
Record last verified: 2025-07