Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation Using Three Different Techniques on Nursing Students

NCT06056531 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 22/09/2021-13/22
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 147
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Aim: The primary objective was to assess the effect of three different teaching techniques on the success of first-time peripheral intravenous cannulation (PVC) insertion as well as the vein prominence of nursing students. As a secondary objective, the authors conducted research on the students' PVC knowledge levels and skills performance, in the PVC procedure and the duration of the procedure, their satisfaction, and self-confidence in learning. Design: A randomized controlled trial with a pretest and posttest was conducted between February and July 2022, with near-infrared light visualization (n=49), isometric exercise (n=50), and each other's arms (n=48) with nursing students in Turkey.

Conditions

Image; Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Keywords

peripheral intravenous cannulation; infrared light; isometric exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Prominence of the selected vein (image)

  Prominence of the vein: 1st degree : veins not visible or palpable, 2nd degree : veins visible but not palpable, 3rd degree : veins barely visible and palpable, 4th degree : veins visible and palpable, 5th degree : veins clearly visible and easily palpable.

  6 months

• Knowledge, attitude, practice

  A higher total test score was interpreted as a higher level of PVC knowledge. According to the test score, which was between 0 and 40 points, a higher total test score in the assessment demonstrated that the student's PVC skills level was high.

  6 months

Study Arms (3)

NIR light visualization

EXPERIMENTAL

The participant performing PVC carried out the procedure on the arm vein of another volunteer classmate with the help of vein imaging by NIR. All interventions were conducted under the observation of the researchers. The researchers used a chronometer to measure and record how long the PVC took. Participants were asked about the degree of vein prominence under NIR light after the tourniquet was applied, using inspection and palpation. The chronometer was started after the tourniquet was applied and stopped when the catheter plaster was applied. The time that it took to choose the materials needed for the PVC was not added to this time. The researchers recorded whether the PVC procedure was successful or unsuccessful. The cannula's placement during PVC was evaluated by drawing blood and returning it to the vein with a syringe. The PVC procedure was considered a failure if the vein was not opened or no blood reached the syringe.

Other: Near infrared light imaging

isometric hand exercise

EXPERIMENTAL

In this group, the participants performing PVC carried out the procedure by observing vein dilation after isometric exercise. Before the procedure, the students on whom PVC was to be performed were given two stress balls, and they were told how to use them for 15 minutes. The stress balls used in the study were 6 cm in diameter and yellow in color. They were of medium hardness and made of high-quality silicone. The participants were told to squeeze and relax the stress ball in the palm of their hands after counting from one to three, to continue doing this until the procedure began, and to concentrate on squeezing the ball. Participants were asked about the degree of vein prominence after the isometric exercise and tourniquet was applied, using inspection and palpation. The remaining stages were carried out in the same way as with all of the groups.

Other: Isometric exercise with stress ball

Control group: no intervention

NO INTERVENTION

The students in this group performed the PVC procedure directly on each other's arm veins without NIR or isometric exercise. Participants were asked about the degree of vein prominence after the tourniquet was applied, using inspection and palpation. The remaining stages were carried out in the same way as with all of the groups.

Interventions

Near infrared light imaging OTHER

The participant performing PVC carried out the procedure on the arm vein of another volunteer classmate with the help of vein imaging by NIR. All interventions were conducted under the observation of the researchers.

NIR light visualization

Isometric exercise with stress ball OTHER

Before the procedure, the students on whom PVC was to be performed were given two stress balls, and they were told how to use them for 15 minutes. The participants were told to squeeze and relax the stress ball in the palm of their hands after counting from one to three, to continue doing this until the procedure began, and to concentrate on squeezing the ball.

isometric hand exercise

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• participants who did not use alcohol
• participants who did not drug abuse
• participants who completed the immunization /vaccination schedule.
• participants who volunteered to participated in the study

You may not qualify if:

• participants who were diagnosed with a chronic illness,
• participants who have a disorder causing bleeding,
• participants who have a psychiatric illness,
• participants who had not received vaccinations for HBV, HCV, or HIV vaccine
• participants who were pregnant
• participants who did not volunteer to participate in the study were not included in the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Uludag University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bursa Uludag University Health Sciences Faculty of the Nursing Department

Nilufer, Bursa, 16059, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (5)

• Clerkin R, Patton D, Moore Z, Nugent L, Avsar P, O'Connor T. What is the impact of video as a teaching method on achieving psychomotor skills in nursing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Apr;111:105280. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105280. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

  PMID: 35139443 RESULT

• Fukuroku K, Narita Y, Taneda Y, Kobayashi S, Gayle AA. Does infrared visualization improve selection of venipuncture sites for indwelling needle at the forearm in second-year nursing students? Nurse Educ Pract. 2016 May;18:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2016.02.005. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

  PMID: 27235559 RESULT

• Helm RE, Klausner JD, Klemperer JD, Flint LM, Huang E. Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure. J Infus Nurs. 2015 May-Jun;38(3):189-203. doi: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000100.

  PMID: 25871866 RESULT

• Filipovich SJ, Dilgard JW, Conrad SP, Moore CB, Hefley JB. Training Program for Ultrasound-Guided Intravenous Catheter Insertion. Mil Med. 2021 Aug 28;186(9-10):e879-e883. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab176.

  PMID: 33939820 RESULT

• Yilmaz H, Yilmaz D, Cinar HG. The effect of three different techniques used to improve vein prominence on the first peripheral venous catheterization experience in nursing students: a randomized controlled study. BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 22;25(1):757. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07350-0.

  PMID: 40405183 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Behavior

Interventions

Exercise

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: Because of the nature of the device and the procedure of venipuncture, blinding could not be performed
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator, PhD, Msc

Model Details: This is a prospective, randomized controlled experimental study.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 14, 2023
• First Posted: September 28, 2023
• Study Start: February 1, 2022
• Primary Completion: July 31, 2022
• Study Completion: July 31, 2022
• Last Updated: September 28, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)