Perineal Massage Performed During the Labour

NCT05962918 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: habibe4721
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 182
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

In this study, perineal massage was applied to primiparous women who did not give birth before, as a quasi-experimental control group to determine the effects of massage on birth comfort, perineal trauma and perineal pain.

Conditions

Delivery Problem; Childrearing; Satisfaction, Patient; Perineum; Injury; Perineal Tear; Pain, Labor

Keywords

Childbirth comfort; Perineal massage; Perineal tear; Perineal pain; midwifery

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Change in perineal pain scores

  The mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups were compared to determine the level of perineal pain. Women were asked to rate pain from zero to 10. A score of zero means no pain, while 10 = indicates the most severe pain experienced.

  4-6 hours after the childbirth

• Change in childbirth comfort scores

  The "Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ)" score averages were compared to determine the birth comfort levels of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. As the score increases, high-level comfort is mentioned, as the score decreases, low-level comfort is mentioned. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 9 and 45.

  4-6 hours after coming to labor

• Change in perineal trauma scores

  The REEDA scale mean scores were compared to determine the perineal trauma levels of the women in the experimental and control groups. The REEDA scale, consists of five variables of wound healing. These variables are redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the wound edges. The scale items are scored between 0 and 3 points. The lowest and highest possible total scale scores are 0 and 15. A higher score indicates a greater level of perineal trauma.

  4-6 hours after the childbirth.

Study Arms (2)

perineal massage

EXPERIMENTAL

intervention group with perineal massage

Other: Perinal massage

control group

NO INTERVENTION

The group that received routine hospital protocol and was not massaged.

Interventions

Perinal massage OTHER

Perineal massage was administered to all pregnant women in the experimental group during both the labor and resting phases between contractions. The participants received an average of 5-10 minutes of perineal massage two, four and four to six times at the latent (0-3-cm cervical dilation), active (4-7-cm cervical dilation) and transition (8-10-cm cervical dilation) phases of labor, respectively. These women continued to receive perineal massage at every push throughout the second stage of labor. The researcher midwife gently widened the perineal muscles by making stretching movements with her fingers. Perineal massage was applied using all three of the "from one edge to the other", "U shape" and "pressure" massage techniques. The researcher gently applied a rhythmic "U" pressure with both fingers, moving them on the vagina downwards about 3 to 9 o'clock. Each pressure movement was maintained laterally for 1-2 minutes towards the rectum.

perineal massage

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Having no complications for vaginal delivery
• Having no dystocia affecting the birth process (e.g., prolonged labor, precipitate labor, shoulder dystocia)
• Having a singleton pregnancy,
• Having a fetal head with an anterior cephalic position,
• Being at the latent phase of labor,
• Having no perineal scar tissue,
• Having no diagnosis of vaginal fungus or infection,
• Having a fetus with a birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g,
• Having no communication problems.

You may not qualify if:

• All pregnant women who developed fetal distress during labor or had to undergo cesarean delivery were excluded from the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Munzur University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Munzur University

Tunceli, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (7)

• Labrecque M, Eason E, Marcoux S, Lemieux F, Pinault JJ, Feldman P, Laperriere L. Randomized controlled trial of prevention of perineal trauma by perineal massage during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 1):593-600. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70260-7.

  PMID: 10076134 BACKGROUND

• Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V. Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

  PMID: 30107756 BACKGROUND

• Karacam Z, Ekmen H, Calisir H. The use of perineal massage in the second stage of labor and follow-up of postpartum perineal outcomes. Health Care Women Int. 2012;33(8):697-718. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.655385.

  PMID: 22827728 BACKGROUND

• Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Knibb R. The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to type of birth and birth risk factors. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Mar;16(3):549-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01593.x.

  PMID: 17335531 BACKGROUND

• Kalichman L. Perineal massage to prevent perineal trauma in childbirth. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008 Jul;10(7):531-3. No abstract available.

  PMID: 18751635 BACKGROUND

• Geranmayeh M, Rezaei Habibabadi Z, Fallahkish B, Farahani MA, Khakbazan Z, Mehran A. Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Jan;285(1):77-81. doi: 10.1007/s00404-011-1919-5. Epub 2011 May 26.

  PMID: 21614497 BACKGROUND

• Akhlaghi F, Sabeti Baygi Z, Miri M, Najaf Najafi M. Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy. J Family Reprod Health. 2019 Sep;13(3):160-166.

  PMID: 32201491 RESULT

Related Links

• Related Info

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Dystocia; Patient Satisfaction; Wounds and Injuries; Labor Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy Complications; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Treatment Adherence and Compliance; Health Behavior; Behavior; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: NON RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Masking Details: Since the researcher did the intervention and analysis, only the participants did not know which group they were in, so single blinding was done.
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Research assistant, Phd Student

Model Details: Paralel designed non randomized two armed study

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 31, 2023
• First Posted: July 27, 2023
• Study Start: December 1, 2018
• Primary Completion: March 1, 2019
• Study Completion: April 1, 2019
• Last Updated: July 27, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)