NCT05931913

Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare different forms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for improving the outcomes of Exposure with Response Prevention (ERP) in youth and young adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Researchers will compare three groups: ERP with one of two different active ("real") forms of TMS vs. ERP with sham ("fake") TMS. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1) whether TMS normalizes functioning in brain circuits that contribute to compulsive behavior, and 2) whether TMS reduces compulsions during ERP. Participants will:

  • Complete clinical interviews, questionnaires, and computerized tasks
  • Complete two MRIs (brain scans)
  • Receive daily TMS followed by ERP for two weeks (10 sessions)

Trial Health

75
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
50

participants targeted

Target at P25-P50 for not_applicable

Timeline
3mo left

Started Mar 2024

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
active not recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress90%
Mar 2024Jul 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

June 15, 2023

Completed
20 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 5, 2023

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 20, 2024

Completed
2.3 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 30, 2026

Expected
1 month until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 31, 2026

Last Updated

April 8, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

2.3 years

First QC Date

June 15, 2023

Last Update Submit

April 2, 2026

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): connectivity of the pSMA-DLS circuit

    z-score representing change in resting state connectivity between presupplementary motor area (pSMA) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS)

    change from baseline at two weeks (post-treatment)

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): connectivity of the dlPFC-DMS circuit

    z-score representing change in resting connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum (DMS)

    change from baseline at two weeks

  • Observed Compulsive Behavior

    Mean proportion of time during which compulsions are observed during ERP sessions

    two weeks

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Child/Adult Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Inventory

    change from baseline at two weeks (post-treatment)

Study Arms (3)

ERP+iTBS

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive two weeks (10 sessions) of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS; a form of TMS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), followed immediately by Exposure Plus Response Prevention (ERP).

Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: intermittent theta burst to dorsolateral prefrontal cortexBehavioral: Exposure with Response Prevention

ERP+cTBS

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will receive two weeks (10 sessions) of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS; a form of TMS) targeting the presupplementary motor area (pSMA), followed immediately by Exposure Plus Response Prevention (ERP).

Behavioral: Exposure with Response PreventionDevice: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: continuous theta burst to pre supplementary motor area

ERP+Sham

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will receive two weeks (10 sessions) of sham ("fake") TMS, followed immediately by Exposure Plus Response Prevention (ERP).

Behavioral: Exposure with Response PreventionDevice: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Sham

Interventions

ERP will be delivered daily, immediately following TMS

Also known as: ERP, Exposure Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, CBT
ERP+ShamERP+cTBSERP+iTBS

Sham stimulation will use the Magstim sham air-cooled coil, which produces auditory signals and appears identical to an active coil but contains a mu-metal shield that diverts the majority of the magnetic flux such that a minimal (\<3%) magnetic field is delivered to the cortex

Also known as: TMS, Neuromodulation
ERP+Sham

TMS will be delivered over the pre supplementary motor area (preSMA) using a continuous bursting pattern

Also known as: TMS, iTBS, Neuromodulation
ERP+cTBS

TMS will be delivered over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) using an intermittent bursting pattern

Also known as: TMS, Neuromodulation, iTBS
ERP+iTBS

Eligibility Criteria

Age12 Years - 21 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Between the ages of 12 and 21 years.
  • Presence of OCD, as indicated by a score of \> 16 on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, indicating moderate or greater OCD symptoms.
  • Presence of motor compulsions on CY-BOCS compulsion checklist
  • English fluency to ensure comprehension of informed consent and study measures and instructions.

You may not qualify if:

  • Decline to provide informed consent.
  • Has a personal history, or a family history in a first-born relative, of any medical or psychiatric disorder, disease, condition, injury, symptoms or circumstance that, in the opinion of the principal investigator, may: (1) impact the risk profile of TMS; (2) reduce the subject's ability to fulfill the study requirements as per protocol; or (3) adversely impact the integrity of the data or the validity of the study results." Some examples include: epilepsy or seizure disorder(s), bipolar disorder or any psychiatric disorder associated with a risk of mania, intracranial pathology, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, stroke, implanted medical devices or metallic objects in the head, or moderate-severe heart disease
  • Pregnant according to the medical history or a urine pregnancy test; and menstruating females who are heterosexually active and not using a highly effective form of contraception (tubal ligation, FDA-approved hormonal contraceptive, or an IUD)
  • Inability to undergo MRI.
  • Left handedness.
  • Is deemed to be at imminent risk of suicide according to the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) (i.e. answers YES to ≥ one (1) of the four screening questions) and/or in the medical opinion of the investigator
  • History of, or risk factors for, neurocardiogenic syncope (history of syncope/ presyncope related to noxious stimuli, anxiety, micturation, or posture).
  • Concurrent psychotherapy of any kind for OCD.
  • Concurrent TMS or receipt of any TMS experimental or clinical treatment less than 3 months prior to enrollment.
  • Taking a medication deemed to pose high seizurogenic potential per physician review
  • Taking a medication that has not reached stability criterion (same medication and dose for 6 weeks with no planned changes over the study period)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55414, United States

Location

Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital

Riverside, Rhode Island, 02915, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • Conelea C, Breitenfeldt C, Wilens A, Carpenter L, Greenberg B, Herren J, Jacob S, Lewis C, McLaughlin N, Mueller BA, Nelson S, O'Connor E, Righi G, Widge AS, Fiecas M, Benito K. The NExT trial: Protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing transcranial magnetic stimulation to augment exposure therapy for youth with OCD. Trials. 2024 Dec 18;25(1):835. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08629-1.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Interventions

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationImplosive TherapyCognitive Behavioral Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Anxiety DisordersMental Disorders

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Electric Stimulation TherapyTherapeuticsPhysical Therapy ModalitiesRehabilitationAnalgesiaAnesthesia and AnalgesiaDesensitization, PsychologicBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

  • Kristen Benito, PhD

    Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Christine Conelea, PhD

    University of Minnesota

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Participants, parents (if applicable), the ERP therapist, the independent evaluator (but not active vs. sham status).
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Quadruple-masked Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with parallel assignment
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor (Research)

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

June 15, 2023

First Posted

July 5, 2023

Study Start

March 20, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 31, 2026

Last Updated

April 8, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

We will share all de-identifiable data from study measures through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive (NDA) using the data dictionaries available in NDA. As per NIMH Data Archive, data will be deidentified and assigned a Global Unique Identifier (GUID). We will also share deidentified study data via the National Database for Clinical Trials (NDCT) related to Mental Illness.

Time Frame
We will upload raw data twice yearly and all other data at the time of publication or end of the project. The research community will have access to all de-identifiable data when the award ends. NDA will make decisions about how long to preserve the data. We will share the study protocol and consent form after obtaining IRB approval.
Access Criteria
Data can be accessed through the NDA by investigators working under an institution with a Federal Wide Assurance (FWA)

Available IPD Datasets

Individual Participant Data Set Access

Locations