Are Static and Dynamic Balance Tests A Criteria Showing Cognitive Impairments In the Elderly?

NCT05923385 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Biruni Univers
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 128
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of our study is to reveal whether static and dynamic balance tests can be an indicator of deterioration in cognitive impairments in geriatric individuals.

Conditions

Geriatric Population; Balance Problems

Keywords

geriatria; cognitive status; balance test

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Standardized Mini Mental Test

  The mini mental test is a test that can be administered by a physician, nurse, psychologist or a healthcare professional with a short training. It is a practical mental test in terms of applicability that can show the cognitive level globally. Evaluates cognitive performance quantitatively. It is important in terms of examining the course of dementia cases and their response to treatment in the clinic. There are 11 items in the test gathered around 5 main headings. These items are; Orientation is register memory, attention and calculation, recall and language. The total score is evaluated out of 30. A score of 25 and above is considered normal. Between 10 and 19 is moderate dementia. Between 19-24 refers to early dementia (13,14).

  5 minutes

• Four Step Square Test

  The test clinically assesses the ability to change direction while taking a step. At the start of the test, the patient stands in the upper left square (Frame 1) and looks in the direction of Square 2. First, the step sequence is clockwise: Square 1, then Squares 2, 4, and 3. Then the step sequence is counterclockwise: square 3, followed by squares 4, 2, and 1. The physiotherapist demonstrates the test and allows the patient to apply the model to learn the sequence. The test is repeated if the patient fails to complete the sequence successfully or loses balance or touches the cane. Two points are obtained and the better of these two points is recorded. Timed effort begins when the first foot touches the ground at Square 2 and then ends when the patient's second foot touches the ground at Square 1 (15, 16, 17).

  8 minutes

• Timed Up and Get Test

  The test assesses functional mobility, balance, and performance in adults 65 years and older. Wearing normal shoes and walking aids, the patient begins the test in a standard seat with his back against the chair, his arms resting on the arms of the chair, and both feet flat on the floor. The patient is instructed to stand up and walk to a line on the ground at a distance of 3 m, turn on the line, walk back to the chair and sit on the chair. The test ends when the patient's hip touches the seat. The test is repeated twice; The fastest time is recorded. It is classified as mobile for \<10 s, general independent for \<20 s, and limited mobility for \>30 s (15, 16, 18).

  5 minutes

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• One Leg Standing Test (Eyes Open and Eyes Closed):

  3 minutes

• Functional Reach Test:

  4 minutes

Interventions

Four Square Step Test DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

These are standardized test which will be applied to subjects with pencil, paper and time recorder.

Also known as: Timed Get Up and Go Test, One Leg Standing Test (Eyes Open and Eyes Closed), Standardized Mini Mental Test, Functional Reach Test

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 65 Years - 85 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Relative healthy nursing home residents aged 65-85 living in the nursing home will be included in the study.

You may qualify if:

• Relative, healthy elderly individuals aged 65-85 years
• Individuals who do not have neurological / orthopedic problems that will prevent them from performing the test
• Independent elderly individuals in activities of daily living
• Men and women living in a nursing home
• No pre-defined vision and hearing problems
• No history of lower extremity or lumbar spinal surgery

You may not qualify if:

• Hadkinson's Abbreviated Mental Test less than 7 points
• Presence of defined neurological, orthopedic, systemic (cardiovascular) disease that interferes with walking and mobility
• Presence of defined psychiatric illness
• Having a communication problem
• Presence of using aids for walking
• Use of prostheses or orthoses associated with the lower extremity
• Presence of cognitive, visual or auditory impairment
• Balance-affected individuals with lower extremity disorders

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Biruni University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Biruni University

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (10)

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  PMID: 8176143 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 9920228 BACKGROUND

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  PMID: 19420144 BACKGROUND

• Gungen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yasar R, Engin F. [Reliability and validity of the standardized Mini Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002 Winter;13(4):273-81. Turkish.

  PMID: 12794644 BACKGROUND

• Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Four square step test performance in people with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2013 Mar;37(1):2-8. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e31827f0d7a.

  PMID: 23364168 BACKGROUND

• Shubert TE, McCulloch K, Hartman M, Giuliani CA. The effect of an exercise-based balance intervention on physical and cognitive performance for older adults: a pilot study. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2010 Oct-Dec;33(4):157-64.

  PMID: 21717919 BACKGROUND

• Gunendi Z, Ozyemisci-Taskiran O, Demirsoy N. The effect of 4-week aerobic exercise program on postural balance in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Rheumatol Int. 2008 Oct;28(12):1217-22. doi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0651-3. Epub 2008 Jul 22.

  PMID: 18648815 BACKGROUND

• Harrison JK, McArthur KS, Quinn TJ. Assessment scales in stroke: clinimetric and clinical considerations. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:201-11. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S32405. Epub 2013 Feb 18.

  PMID: 23440256 BACKGROUND

• Stevenson TJ, Garland SJ. Standing balance during internally produced perturbations in subjects with hemiplegia: validation of the balance scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Jul;77(7):656-62. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90004-0.

  PMID: 8669991 BACKGROUND

• Schulz BW, Hart-Hughes S, Gordon MT, Bulat T. Training implications of maximal forces on a computer-controlled and motor-driven leg press by age group, sex, footplate direction, and speed. Exp Gerontol. 2012 Apr;47(4):295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.01.003. Epub 2012 Jan 20.

  PMID: 22289381 BACKGROUND

Study Officials

• Guzin Kaya Aytutuldu, PT,PhD.

  Biruni University

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Prof.Dr.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 19, 2023
• First Posted: June 28, 2023
• Study Start: August 15, 2023
• Primary Completion: September 15, 2023
• Study Completion: February 12, 2024
• Last Updated: December 20, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-12

Locations

TU (1)