The Effect of Dairy and Dairy-Free Alternative Beverages on Post-Exercise Anabolism in Active Youth

NCT05827666 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: 43728
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 24
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The growth and development of lean body mass (i.e., muscle and bone) is instrumental to health and performance across the lifespan, especially in youth, as they actively experience growth. Thus, it is important to capitalize on physical activity and nutrition (especially dietary protein), to support the accretion of lean tissues. Eating a protein-rich meal or performing physical activity can stimulate protein synthesis, and when repeated over time, lean body mass accretion. There is currently an increasing market demand for non-dairy alternatives, due to multiple reasons including environmental, ethical, or taste preferences. However, it is important to understand how different beverages may support 'growth' (anabolism) of lean tissues after exercise. Research in adults has shown that dairy milk is superior to non-dairy milk beverages for supporting post-exercise recovery and muscle protein synthesis. However, the impact of dairy and non-dairy milk alternatives on recovery from exercise is not well understood in children. By understanding the milk beverage that best supports post-exercise recovery, the investigators can determine the optimal nutritional environment to facilitate the growth of lean tissues in the body.

Conditions

Dietary Proteins; Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation

Keywords

Nutrition in Youth; Growth; Active youth; Protein metabolism; Lean body mass; Whole food matrix; Protein beverage; Children; Adolescent; Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• F13CO2

  The rate of 13CO2 excretion based upon baseline (t=30 minutes) and isotopic steady state (t=360-420 minutes) 13CO2 enrichments in the breath and resting VCO2

  Duration of the metabolic trial (7 hours)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Whole-Body Net Protein Balance

  Duration of the metabolic trial (7 hours)

Study Arms (3)

Children

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will undergo four metabolic trials in a randomized crossover design, where they will be provided with an isoenergetic (i.e., equal calories) amount of one of the following beverages upon completing a standardized bout of variably intensity exercise: 2% milk, almond 'milk,' soy 'milk,' or rice 'milk.'

Dietary Supplement: 2% milk beverage; Dietary Supplement: Almond milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Soy milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Rice milk alternative beverage

Adolescent females

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will undergo four metabolic trials in a randomized crossover design, where they will be provided with an isoenergetic (i.e., equal calories) amount of one of the following beverages upon completing a standardized bout of variably intensity exercise: 2% milk, almond 'milk,' soy 'milk,' or rice 'milk.'

Dietary Supplement: 2% milk beverage; Dietary Supplement: Almond milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Soy milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Rice milk alternative beverage

Adolescent males

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will undergo four metabolic trials in a randomized crossover design, where they will be provided with an isoenergetic (i.e., equal calories) amount of one of the following beverages upon completing a standardized bout of variably intensity exercise: 2% milk, almond 'milk,' soy 'milk,' or rice 'milk.'

Dietary Supplement: 2% milk beverage; Dietary Supplement: Almond milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Soy milk alternative beverage; Dietary Supplement: Rice milk alternative beverage

Interventions

2% milk beverage DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Protein provided at 0.3 g/kg fat-free mass. All other conditions (almond, soy and rice milk alternative beverages) will be matched to the same energy content (i.e., isoenergetic). Macronutrient content of beverage (per 100 g): Calories: 52 kcal; Fat: 2.25 g; Carbohydrates: 4.8 g; Protein: 3.3 g.

Also known as: Natrel 2% milk

Adolescent females; Adolescent males; Children

Almond milk alternative beverage DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Matched to the same energy intake as 0.3 g/kg FFM of 2% milk. Macronutrient content of beverage (per 100 g): Calories: 24 kcal; Fat: 1.13 g; Carbohydrates: 3.1 g; Protein: 0.3 g.

Also known as: Silk Original Almond Beverage

Adolescent females; Adolescent males; Children

Soy milk alternative beverage DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Matched to the same energy intake as 0.3 g/kg FFM of 2% milk. Macronutrient content of beverage (per 100 g): Calories: 39 kcal; Fat: 1.70 g; Carbohydrates: 3.0 g; Protein: 2.9 g.

Also known as: Silk Original Soy Beverage

Adolescent females; Adolescent males; Children

Rice milk alternative beverage DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Matched to the same energy intake as 0.3 g/kg FFM of 2% milk. Macronutrient content of beverage (per 100 g): Calories: 49 kcal; Fat: 1.09 g; Carbohydrates: 9.8 g; Protein: 0.1 g.

Also known as: Rice Dream Milk Beverage

Adolescent females; Adolescent males; Children

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 8 Years - 16 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)

You may qualify if:

• Between the ages of 8-16 years
• Children: \>-1 y age from peak height velocity\* (aPHV)
• Adolescents: -0.5 to 1.5 aPHV
• An age and sex-specific minimum of 75th percentile Beep Test level
• Considered healthy based on responses to the PAR-Q+ and a medical history form \*NOTE: age from peak height velocity (aPHV): sitting/standing height

You may not qualify if:

• Almond or soy allergy
• Lactose intolerance
• If enrolled as a child participant: biological age outside of \>-1 years from aPHV
• If enrolled as an adolescent participant: biological age outside -0.5 to 1.5 aPHV
• Inability to perform physical activity as determined by the PAR-Q+ and iPAQ
• Inability to adhere to protocol guidelines (e.g., 2-day controlled diet)
• Diagnosed medical condition under the care of a physician (e.g., type 1 diabetes)
• Consuming any medications known to affect protein metabolism (e.g., corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories)
• Failure to complete all four metabolic trials within four months

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Toronto: lead
• Dairy Management Inc.: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Goldring Centre for High Performance and Sport

Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C9, Canada

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Milk

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Beverages; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Dairy Products; Food; Food and Beverages

Study Officials

• Nicki Pourhashemi, BSc

  University of Toronto

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Central Study Contacts

Daniel R Moore, PhD

CONTACT

4169464088; dr.moore@utoronto.ca

Hugo JW Fung, PhD (c)

CONTACT

hugojernwai.fung@utoronto.ca

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Masking Details: As the study is a single-blind crossover design, the randomization of the protein type will be blinded to the participants only. For each liquid meal, beverages will be provided in opaque bottles, and the caloric content of the beverages will be the same.
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Model Details: Using a single-blind randomized counterbalanced crossover design, participants will complete four metabolic trials providing one of the four isoenergetic (equal calories) beverages: 2% milk (MILK), soy 'milk,' (SOY), almond 'milk,' (ALMOND), or rice 'milk' (RICE) following a bout of variable-intensity exercise. The caloric content of the beverages is based on 0.3 g/kg FFM 2% milk.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 30, 2023
• First Posted: April 25, 2023
• Study Start: February 1, 2023
• Primary Completion: December 1, 2023
• Study Completion: December 1, 2023
• Last Updated: April 25, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)