NCT05790486

Brief Summary

The study team proposes a multi-level trial to test 1) novel implementation programs in rural counties designed to increase access to 2) recent advances in tobacco control services for people who are not-yet-ready-to-quit smoking. In this field, most trials have focused only on those already ready-to-quit. Thus, the proposed trial addresses an important knowledge gap critical to advance tobacco control in rural areas.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
800

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
5mo left

Started Jul 2023

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress86%
Jul 2023Dec 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 8, 2023

Completed
22 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

March 30, 2023

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 11, 2023

Completed
3.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2026

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2026

Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Status Verified

February 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

3.4 years

First QC Date

March 8, 2023

Last Update Submit

February 9, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

smoking ratespublic health tobacco control servicessmoking cessation serviceRural HealthImplementation ScienceCommunity Paramedicine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Number of participants engaged

    Referral rate of participants by EMS personnel

    Monthly from initial training to end of referral period year 1 to year 4 longitudinally

  • Follow-up smoking cessation

    Point prevalent cessation is measured by the number of participants with a decreased carbon monoxide level as verified by carbon monoxide levels in blood.

    6 months

Study Arms (4)

The Intervention: Take a Break plus Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Sampling

EXPERIMENTAL

Motivational text messages, challenge quizzes, goal-setting, coping mini-games, and recognition \& rewards. Nicotine lozenges will be given to all participants in both randomized groups.

Behavioral: Take a Break plus Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Sampling

The Comparison: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Sampling without Take a Break

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Nicotine lozenges will be given to all participants in both randomized groups. The goal of the comparison group is to isolate the effect of the Take a Break experience.

Behavioral: The Comparison

The Enhanced Program: Community Paramedicine Standard Plus Enhanced Implementation Program

EXPERIMENTAL

The Enhanced Program will include strategies described in the Standard Program plus training of local champions.

Other: Community Paramedicine Standard Plus Enhanced Implementation Program

The Standard Program: Community Paramedicine Standard Implementation Program

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The standard program will include training, resources, and access to the e-refer tool.

Other: Community Paramedicine Standard Implementation Program

Interventions

The ComparisonBEHAVIORAL

The comparison group will receive Nicotine Replacement Therapy sampling and will be balanced in all variables except the Take a Break Intervention.

The Comparison: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Sampling without Take a Break

Counties randomized to the enhanced program will receive the standard implementation program plus the following enhancements. We will engage and train local implementation champions. The EMS Implementation Champion will go through the Take a Break Intervention but will not receive NRT sampling. The local implementation champions are internal facilitators with additional knowledge and experience related to the electronic referral process. The champions will also be leaders in their county by trying to improve referrals, remind EMS personnel, and distribute feedback on the performance of the county.

The Enhanced Program: Community Paramedicine Standard Plus Enhanced Implementation Program

In counties randomized to the standard program, we will engage EMS leaders and train local personnel. The training will be applying the Ask-Advise-Refer model and the use of an eRefer tool in EMS situations and conditions. The EMS will then engage smokers in the field or community to use the Ask-Advise-Refer training to submit electronic referrals with the eRefer tool.

The Standard Program: Community Paramedicine Standard Implementation Program

Take a Break is an intervention in which smokers are encouraged to engage in smoking abstinence. The main element, the "Break," is a two-week challenge where smokers report days they are smoke-free. The Break is preceded by a 1-week training challenge where Challenge Quizzes (ecological momentary assessments) collect information to guide the smokers during the Break. At baseline, all smokers will be provided NRT lozenges for sampling. At week 1 of the "Marathon", our Tobacco Treatment Specialist will call all smokers, assess their experiences and facilitate an abstinence goal.

The Intervention: Take a Break plus Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Sampling

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Current Smoker
  • at least 18 years old
  • speaks English
  • Able to receive texts and read text (literate)
  • Have a text-enabled phone or receive one from the study team
  • Not yet ready to quit smoking

You may not qualify if:

  • actively quitting smoking
  • preparing to quit smoking within 30 days
  • prisoners
  • FDA- defined NRT contraindications
  • unable or unwilling to provide informed consent

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

SmokingSmoking Cessation

Interventions

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BehaviorHealth Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Drug TherapyTherapeutics

Study Officials

  • Thomas K Houston, MD, MPH

    Wake Forest University Health Sciences

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Rajani Sadasivam, PhD

    UMass Chan Medical School

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
DOUBLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 8, 2023

First Posted

March 30, 2023

Study Start

July 11, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Last Updated

February 11, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-02

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations