NCT06713603

Brief Summary

Building on our successful pilot work to develop a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-capable chatbot and cessation coach, the investigators propose to address the problems of intrinsic motivation and social barriers to smoking cessation by evaluating a highly scalable and easily accessible digital-coaching intervention that 1) promotes readiness to change using a technology-assisted MI (TAMI) chatbot, 2) provides compelling and accessible multilingual education about smoking cessation tools, and 3) develops a tailored quit plan addressing social barriers to treatment initiation and sustainment.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
440

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
13mo left

Started Sep 2025

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress40%
Sep 2025May 2027

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 30, 2024

Completed
1 month until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 3, 2024

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 22, 2025

Completed
1.7 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

May 31, 2027

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

May 31, 2027

Last Updated

October 23, 2025

Status Verified

October 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

1.7 years

First QC Date

October 30, 2024

Last Update Submit

October 21, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

smokingquit smokingmotivational interviewingchatbotcessationcoachmotivationquit plan

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence

    The primary clinical outcome is 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) from smoking at 6-months. Abstinence will be biochemically verified with salivary cotinine. To maximize the validity of our primary abstinence outcome, the investigators will require any participant in who reports abstinence at 6-month to complete salivary cotinine bio-verification using a mailed, commercially available test kit. Participants will be instructed to electronically send two photos - one of them giving a saliva sample and the other with the test results. Recent reviews of biochemical verification strategies have validated this methodology. People with at least 10 ng/ml cotinine in their saliva will be considered smokers. The investigators will ask participants to report any Nicotine Replacement Therapy use or vaping to identify false positives.

    6-month

Secondary Outcomes (11)

  • Self reported smoking abstinence

    3-month

  • Smoking reduction

    Baseline, 3-month, 6-month

  • Readiness to quit

    Baseline, 3-month, 6-month

  • Smoking cessation outcome expectations

    Baseline, 3-month, 6-month

  • Self-efficacy

    Baseline, 3-month, 6-month

  • +6 more secondary outcomes

Other Outcomes (3)

  • Demographics

    Baseline, 6-month

  • User experience and satisfaction

    Baseline, 6-month

  • Treatment barriers/facilitators

    6-month

Study Arms (2)

Technology Assisted Motivational Interviewing (TAMI)

EXPERIMENTAL

Individuals randomized to TAMI will interact with the fully automated, web-based MI-chatbot for the 6-month study period. Patients who continue to smoke will receive up to two text messages per week with the chatbot URL link to initiate additional conversations always beginning with an assessment of readiness to change but "remembering" prior conversations much like a clinician. Individuals in the preparation stage will move directly to EBP education, tailoring a quit plan and boosting both self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Patients with sufficient confidence will be encouraged to set a quit date. Patients will be encouraged to include their PCP and/or state quitline. TAMI will provide support proximal to the quit date including guidance through common obstacles. TAMI will check back to assess treatment initiation, treatment sustainment (and/or cessation), or relapse. Patients who are unable to quit (or who relapse) will be encouraged to restart conversations with TAMI.

Behavioral: TAMI Coach

Usual Care

NO INTERVENTION

Individuals randomized to the Usual Care (UC) condition will receive a detailed educational handout on the health risks associated with smoking and information on Evidence Based Practice's (EBP) for cessation using the standard "Kick-It California" materials. Additional materials and referral resources regarding depression, stress, and other common barriers will be provided to all UC participants. Any UC individual can choose to quit at any time but they will not have access to TAMI. While this is not an "active" treatment condition, the handout and recurring assessments (at 3 and 6mo) may serve as reminders about the importance of quitting and may assist with finding support for co-occurring conditions or social needs.

Interventions

TAMI CoachBEHAVIORAL

The investigators address the problems of intrinsic motivation, Evidence Based Practice (EBP) education, and referral tailoring using a digital-coaching intervention that 1) promotes readiness to change, 2) educates and builds confidence about EBP's, and 3) creates a tailored quit plan sensitive to social obstacles and needs.

Technology Assisted Motivational Interviewing (TAMI)

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • A current Primary Care Provider patient
  • Age 18 or older
  • Smoke at least 1 cigarette per day for the past 7 consecutive days (and at least 100 lifetime)
  • Have a digital device (phone, laptop, tablet)
  • Moderately proficient in English
  • Able to participate for 6-month trial

You may not qualify if:

  • Current participation in a smoking cessation program
  • Current use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy or smoking cessation pharmacotherapy
  • Cognitive impairment that would preclude informed consent

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

San Francisco General Hospital

San Francisco, California, 94110, United States

RECRUITING

UCSF Adult Primary Care Mt. Zion Clinic

San Francisco, California, 94115, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (1)

  • Borsari B, Meacham MC, Saiyed A, Kanzaveli T, Tsvetovat M, Cheng J, Hargrave-Bouagnon AS, Mirzadegan IA, Omeragic F, Layton J, Satterfield J. Protocol for a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a technology-assisted motivational interviewing (TAMI) chatbot on smoking cessation. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Dec;159:108111. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.108111. Epub 2025 Oct 22.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

SmokingSmoking Cessation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BehaviorHealth Behavior

Study Officials

  • Jason Satterfield, PhD

    University of California, San Francisco

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Jason Satterfield, PhD

CONTACT

Faris Omeragic, BS

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Subjects will be randomized into intervention or usual care.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 30, 2024

First Posted

December 3, 2024

Study Start

September 22, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

May 31, 2027

Last Updated

October 23, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

This project is funded by the UC Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) and will use the data sharing platform required for that consortia.

Locations