Testing the Efficacy of Topical Calcipotriene Plus 5-Fluorouracil Combination to Activate the Immune System Against Precancerous Skin Lesions in Organ Transplant Recipients

NCT05699603 | Active Not Recruiting Phase 2 DMC FDA Drug

• 5 other identifiers: NCI-2023-00310P30CA023074UG1CA242596STUDY00002897UAZ22-10-01
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 56
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 4

Brief Summary

This phase IIA study evaluates the effects of calcipotriene plus 5- fluorouracil immunotherapy for skin cancer prevention in organ transplant recipients. Solid organ transplant recipients are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Actinic keratosis (AK), is a premalignant skin lesion that can progress to squamous cell skin cancer. In this study, solid organ transplant recipients with multiple AKs are treated with topical calcipotriene and 5-FU to evaluate how effective this therapy is against AKs and if this could lower their risk of skin cancer. Topical calcipotriene is a form of vitamin D and is used to treat psoriasis. Prior research reported immunomodulatory effects in the skin induced by topical calcipotriene. Topical 5- fluorouracil is a chemotherapy agent and is one of the therapy options for multiple AKs in specific clinical scenarios. Prior research indicates that topical calcipotriene used together with topical 5-FU was more effective in treating multiple AKs than 5-FU alone in individuals with healthy immune system. This study is investigating now if similar beneficial effects can be seen in immunosuppressed individuals who are solid organ transplant recipients.

Conditions

Actinic Keratosis

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Induction of CD4+ TRM cells (CD3+CD4+CD103+) in the actinic keratosis

  Will be assessed at one day after completing one and two courses of calcipotriene plus 5-FU immunotherapy compared with before treatment. Paired t test will be performed to evaluate whether the changes from baseline are significantly different from 0.

  At one day after completing one and two courses of calcipotriene plus 5-FU immunotherapy

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• Persistence of CD4+ TRM (CD3+CD4+CD103+) in the AK

  At 6 months

• Persistence of CD4+ TRM (CD3+CD4+CD103+) in the AK

  At 6 months

• Percent reduction in the number of AKs

  At 8 weeks

• Erythema extent and intensity scores of the treated anatomical sites

  At one day after the completion of one and two courses

• Differences in AK clearance

  At week 24

Other Outcomes (10)

• Percentage of participants with new diagnosis of SCC on the treated anatomical sites

  At 6 months

• Persistence of CD4+ TRM (CD3+CD4+CD103+) in the AK

  At 8 weeks

• Induction of TSLP, CD8+ TRM and natural killer (NK) cell infiltrates in the AK

  At one day after one and two courses of calcipotriene plus 5-FU immunotherapy compared with before treatment

Study Arms (1)

Prevention (calcipotriene, fluorouracil)

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants receive calcipotriene plus fluorouracil cream topically BID for 6 consecutive days on study. Participants also undergo skin biopsies throughout the study. Patients who continue to experience AKs at week 8 may receive a second course of calcipotriene plus fluorouracil cream topically BID for 6 consecutive days on study.

Procedure: Biopsy; Drug: Calcipotriene; Drug: Fluorouracil

Interventions

Biopsy PROCEDURE

Undergo skin biopsy

Also known as: BIOPSY_TYPE, Bx

Prevention (calcipotriene, fluorouracil)

Calcipotriene DRUG

Applied topically

Also known as: Calcipotriol, Dovonex

Prevention (calcipotriene, fluorouracil)

Fluorouracil DRUG

Applied topically

Also known as: 5 Fluorouracil, 5 Fluorouracilum, 5 FU, 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione, 5-Fluorouracil, 5-Fluracil, 5-Fu, 5FU, AccuSite, Carac, Fluoro Uracil, Fluouracil, Flurablastin, Fluracedyl, Fluracil, Fluril, Fluroblastin, Ribofluor, Ro 2-9757, Ro-2-9757

Prevention (calcipotriene, fluorouracil)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Patients who had received a kidney or lung transplant \>= 2 years before enrollment in the study with a stable status of transplanted graft (participants must have visited their transplant specialist within 6 months before enrolling to the study, documenting stable graft safety). The target population includes patients who are on tacrolimus and/or MMF without voriconazole as their immunosuppressive regimen.
• Presence of four to fifteen clinically typical, visible, and discrete AKs in 25 cm\^2 on any of the following anatomical sites: upper extremities, face, and/or scalp.
• Age of at least 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event (AE) data are currently available on the use of calcipotriene plus 5-FU in participants \<18 years of age, children and adolescents are excluded from this study but will be eligible for future pediatric trials, if applicable.
• Karnofsky performance status \>= 60%.
• Leukocytes \>= 3,000/microliter and \< 12000/ microliter.
• Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000/microliter.
• Platelets \>= 100,000/microliter.
• Creatinine =\< 1.5 × institutional upper limit of normal.
• Baseline respiratory requirement for lung transplant recipients:
• Respiratory rate within 12-18/min
• PO2 saturation within 90-100mmHg
• Female participants must be non-reproductive potential (i.e., post-menopausal by a history of age \> 50 years old and no menses for \>= 1 year without an alternative medical cause; OR history of hysterectomy, history of bilateral tubal ligation, or history of bilateral oophorectomy) OR must have a negative urine pregnancy test. The effects of calcipotriene plus 5-FU on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because of unknown teratogenic effect, women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately.
• Ability and willingness to participate in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• OTRs with any sign of organ rejection are not eligible.
• Patients who received any systemic cancer therapy or radiation within =\< 1 year (y) of study enrollment, or have a diagnosis requiring them to receive such treatment(s) are excluded.
• Patients with known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (due to the higher risk of 5-FU toxicity).
• Patients with known history of hypercalcemia or vitamin D toxicity.
• History of treatment with calcipotriene plus 5-FU within one year before enrollment in the study.
• The treatment area is within 5 cm of an incompletely healed wound or a suspected basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma.
• The treatment area contained hypertrophic and hyperkeratotic lesions, cutaneous horns, or lesions that had not responded to repeated cryotherapy.
• Participants may not be receiving any other investigational agents.
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biological composition to calcipotriene and or 5-FU
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because there is an unknown but potential risk for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Also, there is unknown but potential risk for AEs in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with calcipotriene plus 5-FU, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated.
• Participants who are HIV-positive will be excluded from the study. There is a higher risk of organ rejection in HIV-positive patients, and also a higher risk of developing skin cancer, related to their infection-associated immunosuppressed state and drug-induced immunosuppression for preventing organ rejection. In addition, considering HIV's adverse effects on CD4+ T cell function and the fact that the topical medication in this study is specifically designed to target CD4+ T cells, we plan to exclude HIV positive patients in order to avoid this confounding factor on the primary endpoint of the study.
• Participants with known history of chronic hepatitis B, or hepatitis C will be excluded from the study in order to avoid confounding an existing condition with an immune response to the study agents.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Arizona: lead
• National Cancer Institute (NCI): collaborator

Study Sites (4)

University of Arizona Cancer Center - Prevention Research Clinic

Tucson, Arizona, 85719, United States

Location

Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center

Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States

Location

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Keratosis, Actinic

Interventions

Biopsy; calcipotriene; Fluorouracil; dehydroftorafur

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Precancerous Conditions; Neoplasms; Keratosis; Skin Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cytodiagnosis; Cytological Techniques; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Specimen Handling; Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Investigative Techniques; Uracil; Pyrimidinones; Pyrimidines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds

Study Officials

• Shadmehr Demehri

  University of Arizona Cancer Center - Prevention Research Clinic

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 25, 2023
• First Posted: January 26, 2023
• Study Start: July 2, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): February 1, 2029
• Last Updated: September 24, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share

Locations

US (4)