NCT05621863

Brief Summary

The purpose of this research is to find a set of markers in the blood and/or urine that can be linked to consumption of specific fruits and vegetables. This will allow for better understanding of the link between diet and health-related outcomes. Furthermore, the results of this study will lead to the development of new methods to evaluate the nutritional status of individuals in both community and clinical settings. Food frequency questionnaires and diaries/recalls can be affected by intentional or unintentional misreporting, and thus can create errors in determining nutritional status. This study will lead to the development of an objective way to assess the consumption of specific fruits and vegetables by the general population.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
280

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
4mo left

Started Apr 2023

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress91%
Apr 2023Aug 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

November 10, 2022

Completed
8 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

November 18, 2022

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 1, 2023

Completed
3.1 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 30, 2026

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

August 31, 2026

Expected
Last Updated

July 18, 2025

Status Verified

July 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

3.1 years

First QC Date

November 10, 2022

Last Update Submit

July 16, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

MetabolomicsDietFruitVegetablesBiomarkerUrineBlood

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Change in urine metabolomics profile

    Urine metabolites will be measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) before and after consumption of no, low, or high doses of study fruits and vegetables. Change will be assessed by the appearance of and change in levels of dietary-derived metabolites, which are candidate dietary biomarkers.

    Aim 1: day 3, 8, 13; overnight fasted and post prandial 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-6 hours, 6-8 hours, 8-24 hours. Aim 2: day 3, 9, 10; Aim 3: day 4.

  • Change in plasma metabolomics profile

    Plasma metabolites will be measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) before and after consumption of no, low, or high doses of study fruits and vegetables. Change will be assessed by the appearance of and change in levels of dietary-derived metabolites, which are candidate dietary biomarkers.

    Aim 1: day 3, 8, 13; overnight fasted and post prandial 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour, 5 hour, 6 hour, 7 hour, 8 hour, 24 hour. Aim 2: days 3, 9, 10. Aim 3: day 4.

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Diet adherence

    Aim 1: day 3, 8, 13. Aim 2: day 3, 6, and 9.

  • Habitual consumption of fruits and vegetables

    Day 1

  • Acute consumption of fruits and vegetables

    Days 1, 2, 3.

Study Arms (9)

Aim 1 Group 1

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 1, Meal Challenge 2, Meal Challenge 3

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 1 Group 2

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 1, Meal Challenge 3, Meal Challenge 2

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 1 Group 3

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 2, Meal Challenge 3, Meal Challenge 1

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 1 Group 4

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 2, Meal Challenge 1, Meal Challenge 3

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 1 Group 5

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 3, Meal Challenge 1, Meal Challenge 2

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 1 Group 6

EXPERIMENTAL

Order of Treatments: Meal Challenge 3, Meal Challenge 2, Meal Challenge 1

Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 1Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 2Other: Aim 1 Meal Challenge 3

Aim 2 Typical American Diet

EXPERIMENTAL
Other: Aim 2 Typical American Diet

Aim 2 Typical American Diet Plus Test Foods

EXPERIMENTAL
Other: Aim 2 Typical American Diet Plus Test Foods

Aim 2 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Diet Plus Test Foods

EXPERIMENTAL
Other: Aim 2 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Diet Plus Test Foods

Interventions

A meal challenge will be provided that contains 1 serving of peaches and 2 servings of strawberries as a smoothie and 2 servings of tomatoes and 1 serving of carrot as a vegetable dish.

Aim 1 Group 1Aim 1 Group 2Aim 1 Group 3Aim 1 Group 4Aim 1 Group 5Aim 1 Group 6

A meal challenge will be provided that contains 1 serving of banana and 2 servings of peaches as a smoothie and 1 serving of tomatoes and 2 servings of green beans as a vegetable dish.

Aim 1 Group 1Aim 1 Group 2Aim 1 Group 3Aim 1 Group 4Aim 1 Group 5Aim 1 Group 6

A meal challenge will be provided that contains 2 serving of bananas and 1 serving of strawberries as a smoothie and 1 serving of green beans and 2 servings of carrots as a vegetable dish.

Aim 1 Group 1Aim 1 Group 2Aim 1 Group 3Aim 1 Group 4Aim 1 Group 5Aim 1 Group 6

The diet will provide sufficient calories for weight maintenance and will contain refined grains and low amounts of fruits and vegetables, representative of the typical American diet. No bananas, strawberries, peaches, green beans, carrots, or tomatoes will be provided.

Aim 2 Typical American Diet

This diet will provide sufficient calories for weight maintenance and will contain refined grains and low amounts of fruits and vegetables, representative of the typical American diet. Bananas, strawberries, peaches, green beans, carrots, and tomatoes will be provided in amounts less than or equal to 1 serving per day each.

Aim 2 Typical American Diet Plus Test Foods

This diet will provide sufficient calories for weight maintenance and will contain whole grains and high amounts of fruits and vegetables, representative of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Bananas, strawberries, peaches, green beans, carrots, and tomatoes will be provided in amounts greater than or equal to 1 serving per day each.

Aim 2 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Diet Plus Test Foods

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5-39.9 kg/m\^2
  • Willingness to provide urine and have blood drawn

You may not qualify if:

  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Allergy or aversion to foods provided in test diet
  • History of gastrointestinal disorders including the following:
  • Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
  • Celiac sprue
  • Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis
  • Pancreatic disease
  • Liver disease
  • Previous gastrointestinal resection or bariatric surgery
  • Bleeding disorders that preclude blood draws
  • Recent hospital admissions (past 6 months) for myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or congestive heart failure (CHF)
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) under physician guided therapy that is not medically stable
  • Cancer under radiation or chemotherapy treatment that is active or within 6 months of treatment
  • Weight change (± 5% in the last 3 months)
  • +48 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Davis, California, 95616, United States

RECRUITING

Related Publications (1)

  • Chakraborty H, Sun Q, Bhupathiraju SN, Schenk JM, Mishchuk DO, Bain JR, He X, Sun J, Harnly J, Simmons W, Raftery D, Liang L, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Clish CB, Lampe JW, Bennett BJ, Navarro SL, Wang Y, Zheng C, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, McCullough ML, Huang Y, Shojaie A, Zhu W, Djukovic D, Sacks F, Williams J, Steinberg FM, Adams SH, Hu FB, Neuhouser ML, Slupsky CM, Maruvada P. The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium: An Initiative for Discovery and Validation of Dietary Biomarkers for Precision Nutrition. Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Apr 5;9(5):107435. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107435. eCollection 2025 May.

Study Officials

  • Carolyn M Slupsky, PhD

    University of California, Davis

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Ellen L Bonnel, PhD

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Model Details: Aim 1: crossover, Aim 2: parallel, Aim 3: observational
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

November 10, 2022

First Posted

November 18, 2022

Study Start

April 1, 2023

Primary Completion

April 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 31, 2026

Last Updated

July 18, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-07

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

All individual participant data (IPD) will be sent to the Data Coordinating Center (DCC) at Duke University. The DCC will make study data available to other Consortium members, including researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and Harvard, and their affiliates in accordance with best practices for data safety and accessibility. The data may be stored and shared for future research without additional informed consent provided all identifiable private information, such as the subject's name or other identifying information are removed. Once identifying information is removed from the data, we will no longer be able to identify and destroy data belonging to participants who wish to remove their samples from future research. The final de-identified study data and results will be made publicly available, in accordance with National Institutes of Health (NIH) data sharing policies.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
Time Frame
Data will be embargoed until publications are complete, at which time they will be made available to the scientific community.

Locations