Effect of Different Exercise Approaches on Balance and Proprioception in Individuals With Pes Planus

NCT05549063 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Pes planus
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 40
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Pes planus; It can be defined as the valgus of the hindfoot while loading the foot, the disappearance of the medial longitudinal arch in the midfoot, and the supination of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot. It may also occur due to the fact that the medial longitudinal arch in the foot is lower than the required height according to the anatomical position. The parts of the foot that touch the ground are anatomically healthy in a person; They are the heads of the calcaneus tuberositas calcanei on the back of the foot and the 5 metatarsal bones on the front of the foot. In the standing position, 25% of our body weight is on the tuber calcanei, while 25% is on the 5 metatarsal bones. In individuals with pes planus, convergence of the sole of the midfoot to the ground may even result in the sole of the midfoot touching the ground at its advanced levels. It is one of the common foot deformities.

Conditions

Pes Planus

Keywords

Exercise; Stability exercises; Mobility exercises; Stretching exercises

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Star Excursion Balance Test

  It is used to measure dynamic postural balance. The test is based on the ability to reach the farthest possible distance on the supporting leg in 8 different directions. The person reaches as far as he can reach with his foot and touches the strip lightly with the tip of his toe. Then it returns to the starting position. Then the other line is passed and a total of 8 lines are completed in this way. After the whole process is repeated 3 times with the right foot, the left foot is changed and it is repeated 3 times. The participant records the distances reached at the end of the test. We have 16 scores left for 8 right and 8 left feet in total. Reach (%) = Reach distance / Leg length x 100

  4 weeks

• Range of Motion Measurement

  Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion ranges of motion of the ankle joints of individuals are actively measured using a universal goniometer and recorded in degrees.

  4 weeks

• Berg Balance Test

  Berg Balance Test It consists of 14 general balance activities that change the orientation of the body's center of gravity with respect to the support surface and evaluate the ability to maintain a static position while decreasing on the support surface. During the activities, the patient is evaluated by the observer, and the score for each activity is determined, ranging from 0 to 4. The highest score corresponds to the ability to complete the activity quickly and easily. The highest overall score is 56 and reflects a perfect balance function. The closer the score is from 56 to 36, the greater the risk of falling. It is described as a 'gold standard' test in functional balance evaluation.

  4 weeks

• Weight-bearing Lunge Test Weight-bearing lunge test

  Dorsi flexion range of motion was measured as the range of motion of the ankle joint. In the test, the patient was initially positioned standing against the wall. The second toe and heel of the foot to be measured were adjusted so that the midpoint of the knee was perpendicular to the wall. Then, the patient was asked to move forward without lifting his heel off the ground, and to touch his knee to the wall. The furthest distance that the patient could touch the wall without raising the heel was determined. The distance between the tip of the second finger and the wall was measured in cm. Three trials were performed and the mean value was recorded for analysis. Test is a valid and reliable test for measuring dorsiflexion.

  4 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Functional Reach Test

  4 weeks

• Manual Muscle Test

  4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Mobility and Stability Exercise

EXPERIMENTAL

The patients were divided into two groups. Exercises were applied to both groups for 4 weeks.

Other: Mobility and Stability Exercise

Stretching Exercise

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The patients were divided into two groups. Exercises were applied to both groups for 4 weeks.

Other: Stretching Exercise

Interventions

Mobility and Stability Exercise OTHER

Mobility and stability exercises

Mobility and Stability Exercise

Stretching Exercise OTHER

Balance and reaching exercise

Stretching Exercise

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Having mild and moderate pes planus,
• Volunteering of individuals,
• Being between the age group of 18-40,
• Having experienced at least one inflammatory symptom (pain, swelling, etc.)
• Not having any systemic, locomotor and foot related diseases, sensory loss, diabetic and peripheral neuropathy.

You may not qualify if:

• Having had a serious lower extremity injury in the last 6 months,
• Getting a full score from the balance test,
• Having ligament rupture in the ankle.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul Medipol University Hospital: lead

Study Sites (1)

Bahçeşehir University

Istanbul, 34070, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Flatfoot; Motor Activity

Interventions

Range of Motion, Articular; Muscle Stretching Exercises

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Talipes; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Foot Deformities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Congenital Abnormalities; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Physical Examination; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Exercise Therapy; Rehabilitation; Aftercare; Continuity of Patient Care; Patient Care; Therapeutics; Physical Therapy Modalities; Exercise; Motor Activity; Movement

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Masking Details: Evaluation and treatment will be carried out by different physiotherapists. In this way, it is aimed to provide an objective evaluation.
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Model Details: It is planned to randomly divide 40 individuals diagnosed with pes planus by the physician into two. In these groups, there should be a pes planus problem on both sides. The first group will be given stretching exercises, while the second group will be given mobility and stability exercises.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 17, 2022
• First Posted: September 22, 2022
• Study Start: September 17, 2022
• Primary Completion: October 17, 2022
• Study Completion: January 30, 2023
• Last Updated: November 17, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-11

Locations

TU (1)