PE Audit and Feedback Pilot Study

NCT05509803 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: 1K01HL151805
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 35
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

School physical education (PE) is one of the most valuable tools for increasing physical activity and fitness among youth of all backgrounds; however, compliance with existing PE laws is low (and differential by school race/ethnic and family-income composition, contributing to health disparities), and best practices for increasing compliance remain unknown. This study proposes to examine a novel approach for increasing PE law compliance by testing a PE audit and feedback tool (adapted from a tool used by the New York City Department of Education) in Oakland, California schools to determine the effectiveness, adaptability, and scalability of this potential cost-effective approach for increasing PE law compliance and student physical activity.

Conditions

Physical Inactivity; Cardiovascular Diseases

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Scheduled Minutes of Physical Education/Week

  Linear mixed effects models with random effects for school and grade were used to determine within group difference in change between baseline and follow up in scheduled minutes of physical education/week

  Change from baseline (spring of year 1) to follow-up (spring of year 2)

• Estimated Minutes of Physical Education/Week

  Linear mixed effects models with random effects for school and grade were used to determine within group difference in change between baseline and follow up in estimated minutes of physical education/week based on data collected with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time

  Change from baseline (spring of year 1) to follow-up (spring of year 2)

• % of PE Lesson Time in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity

  Linear mixed effects models with random effects for school and grade were used to determine within group difference in change between baseline and follow up in proportion of PE class time in MVPA based on data collected with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time

  Change from baseline (spring of year 1) to follow-up (spring of year 2)

Study Arms (2)

PE Audit and Feedback Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Schools in this arm will receive a PE audit and feedback tool delivered by the school district's teacher on special assignment for PE, which will consist of an audit of the school's existing PE program; Feedback on ways to improve the PE program; and technical assistance to help improve the PE program.

Behavioral: PE Audit and Feedback Tool

PE Support as Usual

NO INTERVENTION

Schools in this arm will receive district-level support for PE as is typically provided by the school district.

Interventions

PE Audit and Feedback Tool BEHAVIORAL

The intervention consists of a Physical Education (PE) Audit and Feedback tool, which was adapted from work done through the PE Works program in the New York City Department of Education. A district-level PE program leader in Oakland Unified School District will deliver the tool, which consists of auditing the current status of PE in intervention schools, providing feedback on the status to help improve PE, and providing technical assistance to bring schools up to code and ensure support for PE programming.

PE Audit and Feedback Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Elementary school in the Oakland Unified School District
• \>50% of students in the school qualify for free or reduced-price meals
• \>80% of students non-white

You may not qualify if:

• Having a PE program known by the PE Director to be well-established and/or meet/exceed district expectations for PE

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of California, Berkeley: lead

Study Sites (1)

UC Berkeley

Berkeley, California, 94720, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Thompson HR, Nguyen C, McKenzie TL, Dzewaltowski DA, Madsen KA. A pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial of an audit, feedback, and coaching intervention on compliance with elementary physical education laws and student physical activity during lesson time. Prev Med Rep. 2025 Mar 19;53:103037. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103037. eCollection 2025 May.

  PMID: 40212560 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sedentary Behavior; Cardiovascular Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior

Limitations and Caveats

The restriction to a single district and a relatively small sample limits generalizability. Further, study randomization did not include presence of a full-time credentialed physical education teacher in the school (which was unknown/uncertain at randomization). In addition, PEAFC was based on a fully funded model initially implemented by NYCDOE. In the current district, PEAFC implementation was unfunded, which limited the physical education Director's ability to adopt NYCDOE's best practices.

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Hannah R Thompson
• Organization: UC Nutrition Policy Institute

thompsonh@berkeley.edu

510-642-3509

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Masking Details: This will be an intervention delivered at the school-level to improve physical education; blinding is not possible in this study.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Research Professor

Model Details: This will be a 2-group cluster-randomized clinical trial, with the school being the unit of assignment and randomization. 5 schools will receive an intervention and 5 schools will serve as controls.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 15, 2022
• First Posted: August 22, 2022
• Study Start: April 1, 2022
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2024
• Study Completion: June 30, 2024
• Last Updated: March 27, 2026
• Results First Posted: March 27, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)