Nudging Flu Vaccination by Making it Easy for Patients to Schedule a Flu Shot
1 other identifier
interventional
139,503
1 country
1
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to test whether messages that make it easy to schedule a flu shot appointment will increase flu shot rates in patients without an upcoming appointment. The study will also test which message versions and message timing are most effective for increasing flu vaccination.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Nov 2022
Shorter than P25 for not_applicable
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
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Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
August 2, 2022
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
August 9, 2022
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
November 8, 2022
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
January 3, 2023
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
January 3, 2023
CompletedResults Posted
Study results publicly available
December 2, 2024
CompletedDecember 30, 2024
December 1, 2024
2 months
August 2, 2022
January 2, 2024
December 13, 2024
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
Number of Patients Who Self-scheduled a Flu Shot
Patient self-schedules a flu vaccine appointment through the patient portal. This outcome measures whether the patient schedules an appointment within 4 weeks of the send date, but the appointment can occur more than 4 weeks past the send date.
Within 4 weeks of message send date
Secondary Outcomes (1)
Flu Vaccination
Within 4 weeks of message send date
Other Outcomes (9)
High Confidence Flu Diagnosis
Up to 7 months
"Likely Flu" Diagnosis
Up to 7 months
Flu Complications
Up to 10 months
- +6 more other outcomes
Study Arms (6)
Passive control
NO INTERVENTIONNo message
Active control message
ACTIVE COMPARATORA message that simply states that patients can get a flu shot at Geisinger
Ease message
EXPERIMENTALA message emphasizing the ease of scheduling a flu shot at Geisinger
Waiting for you message
EXPERIMENTALA message that states the patient's flu shot is "waiting" for them at Geisinger
Protect yourself - rare message
EXPERIMENTALA message that emphasizes the rare, dangerous outcomes of getting the flu (e.g., hospitalization, pneumonia), and states that a flu shot can offer protection from those outcomes
Protect yourself - frequent message
EXPERIMENTALA message that emphasizes the outcomes that frequently occur in people with the flu (e.g., fever, chills, missing important events), and states that a flu shot can offer protection from those outcomes
Interventions
Patient portal, SMS, email, and/or another modality
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Included in one or both of the following two base patient lists:
- Geisinger patient portal flu outreach list for Fall 2022
- A list of patients obtained from Geisinger's Phenomics and Clinical Data Core (PACDC). This list will include active Geisinger patients (all patients on this list attended at least one primary care appointment at Geisinger between 10/1/2008 and 4/13/2022, and either had a Geisinger primary care provider assigned as of April 2022, or were in the Electronic Health Record \[EHR\] since at least September 2021 and had at least one encounter in 2020-2022).
- Aged 18 or older as of October 2022
- Has had a Geisinger encounter in the last 2 years as of October 2022
- Either of the following, as of October 2022:
- Has a Geisinger PCP assigned in the Community Medicine, Pediatrics, or Internal Medicine service line
- In the last 2 years, has completed an appointment in a Geisinger specialty on a list of specialties approved by system leadership for flu shot communications
- Has not received a flu-shot during the 2022-23 flu season as of \~1 week prior to the message date (timeline may be slightly different, depending on data pull logistics), according to the Electronic Health Record (EHR)
- Does not have a scheduled in-person primary care or in-person flu-shot-eligible specialty appointment in the 12 weeks following their assigned message send date, as of \~1 week prior to the message date (timelines may be slightly different, depending on data pull logistics or clinical guidance)
- As of this writing, the team plans to define a flu-shot-eligible specialty appointments as appointments in departments that have historically documented or administered flu vaccine. However, this approach may change slightly based on changing clinical guidance.
You may not qualify if:
- The CMSL/Marketing list will include patients in Geisinger's 65Forward or Community Care populations. If necessary due to logistical constraints, we may exclude these 65Forward and/or Community Care patients from our study.
- Cannot be contacted via the communication modality being used in the study (e.g., patient portal, SMS), e.g., due to insufficient/missing contact information in the EHR or because they opted out
- Has an allergy to flu vaccines according to any EHR allergy table known to the study team
- Has a health maintenance modifier indicating they are permanently discontinued from receiving a seasonal flu shot
- Is on a list of dismissed patients
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- Geisinger Cliniclead
- Massachusetts Institute of Technologycollaborator
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.collaborator
Study Sites (1)
Geisinger Clinic
Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822, United States
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Results Point of Contact
- Title
- Gail Rosenbaum
- Organization
- Geisinger
Study Officials
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Christopher F Chabris, PhD
Geisinger Clinic
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michelle N Meyer, PhD JD
Geisinger Clinic
Publication Agreements
- PI is Sponsor Employee
- No
- Restrictive Agreement
- No
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- NONE
- Masking Details
- Although patients will not be explicitly informed of which arm they were randomized to, they will be aware of the messages they receive.
- Purpose
- PREVENTION
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
- PI Title
- Professor
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
August 2, 2022
First Posted
August 9, 2022
Study Start
November 8, 2022
Primary Completion
January 3, 2023
Study Completion
January 3, 2023
Last Updated
December 30, 2024
Results First Posted
December 2, 2024
Record last verified: 2024-12
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will share
- Shared Documents
- STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
- Time Frame
- By the paper's online publication date. Data will remain available for as long as the Open Science Framework hosts it.
- Access Criteria
- The data on the Open Science Framework will be open to anyone requesting that information.
Data with no personally identifiable information will be made available to other researchers on the Open Science Framework for transparency. This will include the essential data and code needed to replicate the analysis that yielded reported findings.