Effect of Brief Mindfulness and Relaxation Inductions on Anxiety, Affect and Brain Activation in Athletes

NCT05452629 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: PACNL_JT_MI_EEG
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 35
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The athlete population has a high risk of suffering from mental health problems (e.g., anxiety), especially for athletes with individual sports. As such, various forms of mental training were used to maintain the mental health of athletes, such as mindfulness training or relaxation training. However, differences pertaining to the electrophysiological mechanisms resulting from both mental training in athletes are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the differential effects between the brief mindfulness induction (MI) and relaxation induction (RI) on state anxiety, affect and the activation of the brain in track and field athletes.

Conditions

State Anxiety; Affect; Electroencephalography

Keywords

Mindfulness; Relaxation; Mental health; EEG; Cognitive resource

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• State anxiety

  The Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI, Wang \& Chung, 2016), which is based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, 1970), was utilized to assess an individual's alteration of state anxiety before and after each experimental manipulation in current study. The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) is a 20-item sub-scales in the STAI, with a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so) used for each item. Higher total scores indicate higher levels of state anxiety.

  10 minutes

• Affective state

  The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was utilized to assess an individual's alteration of PA and NA before and after each experimental manipulation in current study. PANAS is a 20-items questionnaire that consists of two 10-item mood scales assessing the positively affective states (i.e., PA) and negatively affective states (i.e., NA), respectively. Participants were asked to rate to what extent they felt a certain way right now from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Higher total scores indicate higher intensity of affective state.

  5 minutes

• EEG

  The selected frequency bands were as theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz), the frequency bands were computed by averaged across epochs and integrated spectral power, the frontal region (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8) for theta power, and posterior region (P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, O1, Oz, O2) for alpha power were selected into the statistical analysis, respectively.

  30 minutes

Study Arms (3)

Mindfulness Induction

EXPERIMENTAL

A brief and single session of mindfulness practice for 30-minute.

Behavioral: Mindfulness induction (MI)

Relaxation Induction

EXPERIMENTAL

A brief and single session of self-directed relaxation for 30-minute.

Behavioral: Relaxation (RI)

Control Condition

NO INTERVENTION

Open thinking.

Interventions

Mindfulness induction (MI) BEHAVIORAL

In the MI condition, participants were guided to focus on present experiences regarding the thoughts, emotions and sensations through the three classic mindfulness exercises (i.e., focused breathing, meditation, and body scanning). The duration of MI was 30-minutes.

Mindfulness Induction

Relaxation (RI) BEHAVIORAL

In the RI condition, participants were guided to relax each muscle group following the audio for 30-minutes.

Relaxation Induction

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• track and field athletes with regular training
• right-handedness
• no history of neurological illness
• no regular training experience in mindfulness or relaxation interventions

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Taiwan Normal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D.

Taipei, Taiwan

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anxiety Disorders; Psychological Well-Being

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mental Disorders; Personal Satisfaction; Behavior

Study Officials

• Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D.

  Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: In a counterbalanced order, participants completed three conditions that incorporated two 30-minute experimental conditions (i.e., MI or RI) and a control condition (i.e., opened thinking)

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 6, 2022
• First Posted: July 11, 2022
• Study Start: July 14, 2020
• Primary Completion: March 19, 2021
• Study Completion: March 19, 2021
• Last Updated: July 11, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TW (1)