Chemotherapy Combined With High-dose Radiotherapy for Low Rectal Cancer Using MR Guided Linear Accelerator

NCT05338866 | Enrolling By Invitation DMC

• 1 other identifier: 2021-FXY-489
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 58
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The incidence rate of colorectal cancer is third in male tumors and second in female tumors. The newly diagnosed incidence of colorectal cancer is no less than 100 thousand in China, which poses a great threat to people's health and a heavy burden of public health. Preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with radical surgery is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer. Low rectal cancer accounts for about one third of all rectal cancer cases. Due to the particularity of its location，surgical complications and postoperative patients need permanent colostomy (artificial anus) to solve the defecation problems, which has a serious impact on the patients' work and life. How to improve the quality of life of patients without reducing the survival rate has become an important topic in the treatment of low rectal cancer. Previous studies have shown that the prognosis of patients with pathological complete remission (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer is optimistic. The clinical efficacy of "observation and waiting" is good. The results of small sample exploratory clinical studies of radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy for low rectal cancer are satisfactory, and MR-linear accelerator can be used for precision radiotherapy for colorectal cancer. This study is aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of radical radiotherapy boost for low rectal cancer by using magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy system, and further evaluate the impact of boost on the quality of life of patients.

Conditions

Rectal Cancer

Keywords

Lower rectal cancer; Magnetic resonance imaging guided radiation therapy; High-dose radiotherapy; Toxic and side effects; Quality of life score

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• 3-year progression free survival rate

  Percentage of survive patients with no disease progression or death after 3 years from enrollment.

  3-year after enrollment

Secondary Outcomes (7)

• 3-year stoma free survival rate

  3-year after enrollment

• 3-year local regeneration rate

  3-year after enrollment

• 3-year disease-free survival rate

  3-year after enrollment

• 3-year distant metastasis rate

  3-year after enrollment

• 3-year overall survival rate

  3-year after enrollment

Study Arms (1)

Cohort 1. Cohort 2

A total of 6 courses of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine chemotherapy and 2 courses of capecitabine single drug chemotherapy were performed. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy starts at the second cycle. Cohort 1: For patients with low rectal cancer who refused surgery before the initial diagnosis and treatment, the first stage of radiotherapy used conventional linear accelerated radiotherapy, with doses of GTV 50Gy/25f and CTV 45Gy/25f for 5-6 weeks. Subsequently, the second stage of radiotherapy boost was continued with MR linear accelerator, and the dose was GTV 16\~20Gy/8\~10f for 2 weeks. Cohort 2: For locally advanced low rectal cancer patients who did not achieve clinical complete remission 6-8 weeks after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and refused surgery, radiotherapy was given in the first stage at the doses of GTV 50Gy/25f and CTV 45Gy/25f for 5-6 weeks. In the second stage, MR linear accelerator was used for radiotherapy boosting, and the dose was GTV 30Gy/15f for 3 weeks.

Radiation: Magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy; Drug: Chemotherapy

Interventions

Magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy RADIATION

Radical radiotherapy boosting for low rectal cancer through magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy linear accelerator.

Cohort 1. Cohort 2

Chemotherapy DRUG

For patients with AJCC stage II and III and age \< 72 years old, Capox ×6→capecitabine×2. Detailed usage: Oxaliplatin 130mg/m2 (reduced to 100mg/m2 during concurrent chemoradiotherapy), intravenous administration, d1. Capecitabine 1000mg / m2, twice a day, d1-14. Repeated every 3 weeks. For patients aged ≥ 72 years, or the competent physician judges that the patients cannot tolerate dual drug combined chemotherapy, capecitabine ×8 courses. For patients with AJCC stage I, capecitabine ×4 courses.

Also known as: Capox, Capecitabine

Cohort 1. Cohort 2

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 80 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with lower rectal cancer who refuse surgery for various reasons or are not suitable for surgery due to systemic diseases.

You may qualify if:

• Histologically confirmed as rectal adenocarcinoma.
• MRI and / or electronic colonoscopy confirmed that the lower edge of the tumor was ≤ 5cm from the anal edge.
• The AJCC clinical stage was cT1-4NxM0, with or without MRF positive and EMVI positive.
• MSI gene detection or MMR protein immunohistochemical detection was MSS / PMMR.
• No obvious signs of intestinal obstruction or intestinal obstruction has been relieved after proximal colostomy.
• Age: 18 \~ 80 years old.
• ECOG score: 0-1.
• Expected life: more than 3 years.
• Hematology: WBC \> 3 × 109/L; PLT\>80 × 109/L; Hb\>90g/L.
• Liver function: ALT and AST were less than 2 times of normal value; Bilirubin is less than 1.5 times of normal value.
• Renal function: creatinine is less than 1.5 times of normal value or creatinine clearance rate (CCR) ≥ 60ml / min.
• Patient who has not received tumor resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or other anti-tumor treatment.

You may not qualify if:

• There are any conditions that make MRI impossible.
• There are serious medical complications.
• Uncontrolled infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and mental diseases.
• Any unstable condition or situation that may endanger patient safety and compliance.
• Pregnant or lactating women who are fertile and do not take adequate contraceptive measures.
• Refuse to sign informed consent.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Sun Yat-sen University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China

Location

Related Publications (24)

• Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhou C, et al. Efficacy and safety of high dose radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 2020. 108(3): e644-e645

  BACKGROUND

• Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Mar;65(2):87-108. doi: 10.3322/caac.21262. Epub 2015 Feb 4.

  PMID: 25651787 RESULT

• Glimelius B, Tiret E, Cervantes A, Arnold D; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24 Suppl 6:vi81-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt240. No abstract available.

  PMID: 24078665 RESULT

• Galandiuk S, Wieand HS, Moertel CG, Cha SS, Fitzgibbons RJ Jr, Pemberton JH, Wolff BG. Patterns of recurrence after curative resection of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1992 Jan;174(1):27-32.

  PMID: 1729745 RESULT

• Sebag-Montefiore D, Stephens RJ, Steele R, Monson J, Grieve R, Khanna S, Quirke P, Couture J, de Metz C, Myint AS, Bessell E, Griffiths G, Thompson LC, Parmar M. Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet. 2009 Mar 7;373(9666):811-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60484-0.

  PMID: 19269519 RESULT

• Heald RJ, Ryall R. Recurrent cancer after restorative resection of the rectum. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Mar 13;284(6318):826-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6318.826-e. No abstract available.

  PMID: 6802248 RESULT

• Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, Rodel C, Wittekind C, Fietkau R, Martus P, Tschmelitsch J, Hager E, Hess CF, Karstens JH, Liersch T, Schmidberger H, Raab R; German Rectal Cancer Study Group. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 21;351(17):1731-40. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040694.

  PMID: 15496622 RESULT

• Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W, Hess C, Becker H, Raab HR, Villanueva MT, Witzigmann H, Wittekind C, Beissbarth T, Rodel C. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jun 1;30(16):1926-33. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.1836. Epub 2012 Apr 23.

  PMID: 22529255 RESULT

• Roh MS, Colangelo LH, O'Connell MJ, Yothers G, Deutsch M, Allegra CJ, Kahlenberg MS, Baez-Diaz L, Ursiny CS, Petrelli NJ, Wolmark N. Preoperative multimodality therapy improves disease-free survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum: NSABP R-03. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 1;27(31):5124-30. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.0467. Epub 2009 Sep 21.

  PMID: 19770376 RESULT

• Benson AB 3rd, Venook AP, Bekaii-Saab T, Chan E, Chen YJ, Cooper HS, Engstrom PF, Enzinger PC, Fenton MJ, Fuchs CS, Grem JL, Grothey A, Hochster HS, Hunt S, Kamel A, Kirilcuk N, Leong LA, Lin E, Messersmith WA, Mulcahy MF, Murphy JD, Nurkin S, Rohren E, Ryan DP, Saltz L, Sharma S, Shibata D, Skibber JM, Sofocleous CT, Stoffel EM, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, Willett CG, Gregory KM, Freedman-Cass D. Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015 Jun;13(6):719-28; quiz 728. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0087.

  PMID: 26085388 RESULT

• Sautter-Bihl ML, Hohenberger W, Fietkau R, Rodel C, Schmidberger H, Sauer R. Rectal cancer : when is the local recurrence risk low enough to refrain from the aim to prevent it? Strahlenther Onkol. 2013 Feb;189(2):105-10. doi: 10.1007/s00066-012-0299-5.

  PMID: 23299826 RESULT

• Feddern ML, Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Life with a stoma after curative resection for rectal cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study. Colorectal Dis. 2015 Nov;17(11):1011-7. doi: 10.1111/codi.13041.

  PMID: 26112651 RESULT

• Konanz J, Herrle F, Weiss C, Post S, Kienle P. Quality of life of patients after low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer--a matched-pair analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013 May;28(5):679-88. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1683-z. Epub 2013 Apr 10.

  PMID: 23571868 RESULT

• Lim L, Chao M, Shapiro J, Millar JL, Kipp D, Rezo A, Fong A, Jones IT, McLaughlin S, Gibbs P. Long-term outcomes of patients with localized rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation or radiotherapy alone because of medical inoperability or patient refusal. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Dec;50(12):2032-9. doi: 10.1007/s10350-007-9062-x. Epub 2007 Sep 26.

  PMID: 17896138 RESULT

• Gao YH, Lin JZ, An X, Luo JL, Cai MY, Cai PQ, Kong LH, Liu GC, Tang JH, Chen G, Pan ZZ, Ding PR. Neoadjuvant sandwich treatment with oxaliplatin and capecitabine administered prior to, concurrently with, and following radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a prospective phase 2 trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014 Dec 1;90(5):1153-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.07.021. Epub 2014 Oct 13.

  PMID: 25442042 RESULT

• Maas M, Beets-Tan RG, Lambregts DM, Lammering G, Nelemans PJ, Engelen SM, van Dam RM, Jansen RL, Sosef M, Leijtens JW, Hulsewe KW, Buijsen J, Beets GL. Wait-and-see policy for clinical complete responders after chemoradiation for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Dec 10;29(35):4633-40. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.37.7176. Epub 2011 Nov 7.

  PMID: 22067400 RESULT

• Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, Sabbaga J, Ribeiro U Jr, Silva e Sousa AH Jr, Campos FG, Kiss DR, Gama-Rodrigues J. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results. Ann Surg. 2004 Oct;240(4):711-7; discussion 717-8. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000141194.27992.32.

  PMID: 15383798 RESULT

• Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Proscurshim I, Campos FG, Nadalin W, Kiss D, Gama-Rodrigues J. Patterns of failure and survival for nonoperative treatment of stage c0 distal rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Dec;10(10):1319-28; discussion 1328-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gassur.2006.09.005.

  PMID: 17175450 RESULT

• Habr-Gama A, Gama-Rodrigues J, Sao Juliao GP, Proscurshim I, Sabbagh C, Lynn PB, Perez RO. Local recurrence after complete clinical response and watch and wait in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: impact of salvage therapy on local disease control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014 Mar 15;88(4):822-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.12.012. Epub 2014 Feb 1.

  PMID: 24495589 RESULT

• van der Valk MJM, Hilling DE, Bastiaannet E, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Beets GL, Figueiredo NL, Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Renehan AG, van de Velde CJH; IWWD Consortium. Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study. Lancet. 2018 Jun 23;391(10139):2537-2545. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31078-X.

  PMID: 29976470 RESULT

• Smith JJ, Strombom P, Chow OS, Roxburgh CS, Lynn P, Eaton A, Widmar M, Ganesh K, Yaeger R, Cercek A, Weiser MR, Nash GM, Guillem JG, Temple LKF, Chalasani SB, Fuqua JL, Petkovska I, Wu AJ, Reyngold M, Vakiani E, Shia J, Segal NH, Smith JD, Crane C, Gollub MJ, Gonen M, Saltz LB, Garcia-Aguilar J, Paty PB. Assessment of a Watch-and-Wait Strategy for Rectal Cancer in Patients With a Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Therapy. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Apr 1;5(4):e185896. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5896. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

  PMID: 30629084 RESULT

• Appelt AL, Ploen J, Harling H, Jensen FS, Jensen LH, Jorgensen JC, Lindebjerg J, Rafaelsen SR, Jakobsen A. High-dose chemoradiotherapy and watchful waiting for distal rectal cancer: a prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):919-27. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00120-5. Epub 2015 Jul 5.

  PMID: 26156652 RESULT

• Dizdarevic E, Frostrup Hansen T, Ploen J, Henrik Jensen L, Lindebjerg J, Rafaelsen S, Jakobsen A, Appelt A. Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes After High-Dose Chemoradiation Therapy for Nonsurgical Management of Distal Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Mar 1;106(3):556-563. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.10.046. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

  PMID: 31707122 RESULT

• Intven MPW, de Mol van Otterloo SR, Mook S, Doornaert PAH, de Groot-van Breugel EN, Sikkes GG, Willemsen-Bosman ME, van Zijp HM, Tijssen RHN. Online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy for rectal cancer; feasibility of the workflow on a 1.5T MR-linac: clinical implementation and initial experience. Radiother Oncol. 2021 Jan;154:172-178. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.024. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

  PMID: 32976875 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Rectal Neoplasms

Interventions

Drug Therapy; Capecitabine

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Colorectal Neoplasms; Intestinal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Rectal Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Therapeutics; Deoxycytidine; Cytidine; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Pyrimidines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Fluorouracil; Uracil; Pyrimidinones; Deoxyribonucleosides; Nucleosides; Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides

Study Officials

• Yuanhong Gao, PhD

  Sun Yat-sen University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: April 5, 2022
• First Posted: April 21, 2022
• Study Start: January 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2030
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2033
• Last Updated: November 22, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-11

Locations

CN (1)