The Effect of Stress Ball and Breathing Exercises on Reducing Fear and Pain Associated with PCR Testing

NCT05250544 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: stress ball-breathing exercise
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 96
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 2

Brief Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be one of the longest lasting pandemics experienced in recent times. Although the disease shows symptoms in different ways, the most effective diagnostic method known is the PCR test. This procedure is an unknown test method that many people have never had in their lifetime. Uncertainty in any subject causes stress and fear in the person. When the suspicion of a disease is added to this situation, the situation can reach even more serious dimensions. For this reason, it can be said that the PCR test can cause many problems, especially fear and pain. The most important health professional that the patient can reach before, during and after the test is the nurse. In order for the nurse to complete the test in a short time and with success, it may be necessary for the applicants to keep their fear levels under control and to support their fear management. In addition, the nurse plays an important role in the assessment and management of pain. In the literature review, no study was found on reducing the fear and pain of the adolescents who gave the PCR Test. It is also thought that breathing exercises and stress ball can be an advantageous method in reducing pain and fear, considering their easy accessibility, affordable cost and long-term use. For this reason, this study was planned to determine the effect of stress ball and breathing exercises on the management of fear and pain that may occur due to PCR testing.

Conditions

Adolescent Behavior; Pain, Acute

Keywords

Adolescent; polymerase chain reaction; pain; afraid; stress ball; breathing exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Fear score

  Adolescents' fears will be evaluated (0-4 point)

  5 minutes

• Pain score

  Adolescents' pain will be evaluated (0-4 point)

  5 minutes

Study Arms (2)

Stress ball group

EXPERIMENTAL

For the adolescents in the stress ball group; Before the procedure, the adolescent's fear (with Childeren's Fear Scala (CFS)) will be evaluated and recorded by the adolescent, parent and observer. Then, the stress ball will be introduced to the adolescents and they will be asked to hold it in their desired hands. After explaining how to squeeze the stress ball, the PCR Test will start a few seconds after the adolescent starts to squeeze. As soon as the process starts, the stopwatch will be started, and when the process is finished, it will be stopped. When the PCR Test starts, the crying state of the adolescent will be observed and recorded. After the procedure, the adolescent's fear (Childiren's Fear Scala (CFS)) and pain (Wong Baker FACES) related to the procedure will be evaluated separately by the adolescent, parent and observer and recorded in the form.

Other: control group

Breathin exercise group

EXPERIMENTAL

For the adolescents in the breathing exercise group; Before the procedure, the adolescent's fear (with Child's Fear Scala (CFS)) will be evaluated and recorded by the adolescent, parent and observer. Then, the breathing exercise will be introduced and applied to the adolescents. After explaining how to do the breathing exercise, the adolescent will be expected to complete the exercises. The PCR Test process will begin immediately after the exercise is complete. As soon as the process starts, the stopwatch will be started and will be stopped when the process is finished. After the procedure, the adolescent's fear (Childiren's Fear Scala (CFS)) and pain (Wong Baker FACES) related to the procedure will be evaluated separately by the adolescent, parent and observer and recorded in the form.

Other: control group

Interventions

control group OTHER

For the adolescents in the control group; As soon as the process starts, the stopwatch will be started, and when the process is finished, it will be stopped. When the PCR Test starts, the crying state of the adolescent will be observed and recorded. After the procedure, the adolescent's fear (Childiren's Fear Scala (CFS)) and pain (Wong Baker FACES) related to the procedure will be evaluated separately by the adolescent, parent and observer and recorded in the form.

Breathin exercise group; Stress ball group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 12 Years - 18 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• The child is in the 12-18 age group,
• PCR Test was performed by the same nurse,
• The child has no pain (due to the disease, drug side effects, distension),
• The child does not have a hearing problem,
• PCR Test was performed in one go,
• The child has no history of epilepsy, migraine or vestibular disorders,
• Not taking analgesics in the last six hours,
• Absence of any medication that can affect the feeling of pain and fear that he uses constantly,
• The child and parent speak and understand Turkish comfortably,
• The child's mental development level to be able to answer the questions asked,
• Parents and children are willing to participate in the research,
• Obtaining written and verbal consent from parents.

You may not qualify if:

• Inability to perform PCR test in one go
• Presence of a chronic disease that may affect the sense of pain and fear of the adolescent.
• Having excessive fear and panic behavior before the procedure
• Negative effects on communication due to fear and panic behaviors
• Not being willing to participate in the study

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University: lead

Study Sites (2)

KaramanogluMehmetbeyU

Karaman, Turkey, 70100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Karaman, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Apaydin Cirik V, Turkmen AS, Ayaz M. Effectiveness of stress ball and relaxation exercises on polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test-induced fear and pain in adolescents in Turkiye. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023 Jul-Aug;71:135-140. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.001. Epub 2022 Dec 14.

  PMID: 36526480 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Adolescent Behavior; Acute Pain; Pain

Interventions

Control Groups

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Epidemiologic Research Design; Epidemiologic Methods; Investigative Techniques; Research Design; Methods

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assoc.Prof.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 10, 2022
• First Posted: February 22, 2022
• Study Start: March 15, 2022
• Primary Completion: August 30, 2022
• Study Completion: September 15, 2022
• Last Updated: January 10, 2025

Record last verified: 2022-11

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (2)