Mindfulness Meditation for Nursing Students

NCT05099224 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 377/2019
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 108
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Mindfulness meditation was used to reduce stress and its responses such as cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) among healthy and ill individuals in various cultures, but their effects have not yet been studied among Jordanian nursing students, experienced tremendous stress. Thus, the purpose of study was to examine the effects of three of such intervention on perceived stress (MM) on Trait mindfulness, perceived stress, cortisol, and CRP in Jordanian nursing students. The hypothesis was " mindfulness meditation will improve trait mindfulness, perceived stress, serum cortisol and serum CRP. Using a Randomized controlled study conducted in a large university in Jordan, 108 nursing students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups equally. The experimental group participated in 5 30-minute weekly sessions of mindfulness meditation. Trait mindfulness, perceived stress, serum cortisol, and CRP were measured at baseline and end of intervention.

Conditions

Stress Reaction; Nurse's Role

Keywords

Nursing students; Stress; C-reactive proteins; Cortisol; Mindfulness meditation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Trait Mindfulness

  Trait mindfulness was measured using the Arabic version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (28), which is a one-dimensional scale that includes 15 items measured on a six-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (almost always) to 6 (almost never). The total possible score ranges between 15 and 90, with higher scores indicating higher levels of trait mindfulness. The original scale has been shown to have strong psychometric properties when validated among college students (28). Further, the Arabic version of this scale has been shown to have excellent internal consistency and convergent validity for use among Arab populations (29). In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha for the Arabic version of the MAAS was .79, indicating good internal consistency.

  6 weeks

• Perceived stress

  The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (30) is used to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful (unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded). The scale comprises 10 items which are measured on a 5-point Likert scale (0=never, 4= very often) and which are relatively free of content specific to any subpopulation group. The total possible score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress (30). The PSS has been validated for use among college students, with internal consistency coefficients ranging from .84 to 36 and a test-retest reliability of .85 (30). The Arabic version of the PSS, which was used in the present study, has been shown to have adequate reliability and validity and is considered a suitable instrument for assessing perceived stress among Arab populations (31). In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha for the Arabic version of the PSS was .81, indicating good internal consistency.

  6 weeks

• Serum cortisol

  The ELISA method has been found to be accurate, sensitive, specific, and precise in terms of determining the plasma concentration of cortisol (32). In the current study, the ELISA kit and protocols were used to analyze the blood sample for the serum cortisol (CEA462Ge) . Three research assistants with at least 10 years of experience collected 10 mL blood samples via venipuncture both at baseline and next day morning after the last session, between 8:30-9:30 AM. The results were read using a SYNERGY (HTZ) multi-mode reader, connected to a computer which showed each reading value. The participants were asked to avoid caffeine consumption on the days of data collection. To decrease venipuncture-related pain during blood sampling, the EMLA cream was used, as it has been found effective in decreasing venipuncture-related pain among different populations (33).

  6 weeks

• Serum CRP

  The ELISA kit and protocols were used to analyze the blood sample for the serum CRP (Cat no: SEA821Hu) . Three research assistants with at least 10 years of experience collected 10 mL blood samples via venipuncture both at baseline and next day morning after the last session, between 8:30-9:30 AM. The results were read using a SYNERGY (HTZ) multi-mode reader, connected to a computer which showed each reading value. The participants were asked to avoid caffeine consumption on the days of data collection. To decrease venipuncture-related pain during blood sampling, the EMLA cream was used, as it has been found effective in decreasing venipuncture-related pain among different populations (33).

  6 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Experimental group receiving mindfulness meditation

EXPERIMENTAL

The ABC standardized version of mindfulness meditation was used, which includes 5 30-minute weekly sessions of mindfulness meditation. An additional 3-hour educational workshop about the rationale and procedures of intervention was provided before the actual training sessions. The intervention was supervised by PI is an experienced practitioner who received stress-management training at the Psychology Department at Kent State University The participants were asked to sit upright in a comfortable position, place their feet on the floor, and quietly observe and reflect on internal and external stimuli such as breathing, thought, feeling, physical sensation, and sound, without reactions, judgments, or evaluations.

Behavioral: Mindfulness meditation

Control group

NO INTERVENTION

Each of the control group subgroups had 10 participants. The participants were instructed to sit with their eyes closed and relax during the intervention sessions, in order to control for the nonspecific effects of trainer interaction, social interaction, attention, environment, time, and closed eyes. The timings of the control group interventions were similar to those of the experimental groups, whereby if a given experimental group intervention lasted for 30 minutes, the control group participants would be asked to sit with their eyes closed and relax for 30 minutes also.

Interventions

Mindfulness meditation BEHAVIORAL

similar to the information included in arm/group descriptions

Experimental group receiving mindfulness meditation

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• The study sample included undergraduate nursing students who were aged 18 years or over and taking a clinical course

You may not qualify if:

• Students were excluded if they were practicing any type of relaxation techniques or taking hypnotics, sedatives, anxiolytics, anti-depressants, or anti-hypertensive drugs.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Jordan University of Science and Technology: lead

Study Sites (1)

Hossam AlHawatmeh

Irbid, None Selected, 22110, Jordan

Location

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Fractures, Stress

Interventions

Mindfulness

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Fractures, Bone; Wounds and Injuries

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

• Hossam Alhawatmeh, PhD

  Jordan University of Science and Technology

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: The data (questionnaire and blood samples) were collected by three research assistants with at least 10 years nursing experiences who were not involved in any other parts of the study. Also, the participants were randomly assigned equally to the study groups using a computerized random numbers procedure carried out by a research assistant who was not involved in any other parts of the study
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Model Details: Randomized controlled Trial (pretest-posttests, two-group, randomized design)

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 29, 2021
• First Posted: October 29, 2021
• Study Start: October 1, 2020
• Primary Completion: January 15, 2021
• Study Completion: January 15, 2021
• Last Updated: October 29, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

JO (1)