Lottery Incentive Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccinations
2 other identifiers
interventional
57,581
1 country
1
Brief Summary
In the current study, the study team will explore whether small incentives are effective at promoting flu vaccine uptake. The study is designed to compare the relative efficacy of incentives of equal perceived expected value (EV) or equal implementation costs, to assess whether people are more likely to get vaccinated in response to lotteries with very high payoffs than to small certain cash payout or slightly higher-probability, more moderate payoffs. In particular, given the potential appeal of official state lottery tickets, one study arm will receive a Pennsylvania scratch-off lottery ticket for getting a flu vaccine. A primary hypothesis is that lotteries will outperform simple reminders (encouraging respondents to get the flu shot at their upcoming appointment) and the standard of care, representing the ambient healthcare system and public health campaigns to increase vaccination.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for not_applicable
Started Sep 2021
1 active site
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
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Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
August 4, 2021
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
August 19, 2021
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
September 4, 2021
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
December 31, 2021
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
December 31, 2022
CompletedResults Posted
Study results publicly available
February 13, 2023
CompletedDecember 30, 2024
December 1, 2024
4 months
August 4, 2021
December 21, 2022
December 13, 2024
Conditions
Keywords
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
Flu Vaccination at Appointment
Received flu vaccination at relevant PCP or specialty appointment.
3 days after patient is randomized
Secondary Outcomes (3)
Flu Vaccination Within 7 Days
Within 7 days of when patient is randomized
Flu Diagnosis
During the 2021-22 flu season (Up to 8 months, from the time the patient is randomized through April 30, 2022)
Flu Complications
During the 2021-22 flu season (Up to 11 months, from the time the patient is randomized through July 31, 2022)
Other Outcomes (4)
Flu Vaccination (Among Subject Cohabitants) Within 28 Days
Within 28 days of when the study subject is randomized
Flu Vaccination at Appointment by Gender
3 days after the patient is randomized.
Flu Vaccination at Appointment by Race
3 days after the patient is randomized.
- +1 more other outcomes
Study Arms (4)
Pennsylvania (PA) Lottery Scratch-Off Financial Incentive
EXPERIMENTALParticipants in this arm will receive a message stating that they will receive a PA lottery $1 scratch-off ticket if they get a flu shot at an upcoming appointment. The message will mention that they could win $5,000 (the top prize for the scratch-off game). Note: $1 scratch-off products vary over time; at study implementation, an active game with top prize of $5,000 (or the next-highest top prize) will be selected and will define the prize in the raffle absent upfront odds
Certain Cash Payout Financial Incentive
EXPERIMENTALParticipants in this arm will receive a message stating that they will receive $1 in cash if they get a flu shot at an upcoming appointment.
Reminder / Active Control (No Financial Incentive)
EXPERIMENTALParticipants in this arm will receive a message stating that they can get a flu shot at an upcoming appointment. These participants will not be offered a financial incentive for getting a flu shot.
No Treatment Control
NO INTERVENTIONNo additional contact beyond standard Geisinger flu shot communications
Interventions
Letter, short message service (SMS) text, phone, and/or email
Letter, SMS, phone, and/or email
Letter, SMS, phone, and/or email
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if:
- Aged 18+
- Pennsylvania mailing address listed
- Geisinger primary care provider (PCP) assigned
- Upcoming appointment with PCP or select specialist who stocks and can administer the vaccine during the study period
You may not qualify if:
- Has opted out of receiving messages from Geisinger on all modalities being tested
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.lead
- Geisinger Cliniccollaborator
- Massachusetts Institute of Technologycollaborator
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)collaborator
Study Sites (1)
Geisinger Clinic
Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822, United States
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Results Point of Contact
- Title
- Gail Rosenbaum
- Organization
- Geisinger
Study Officials
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Michelle N Meyer, PhD JD
Geisinger Clinic
- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Christopher F Chabris, PhD
Geisinger Clinic
Publication Agreements
- PI is Sponsor Employee
- No
- Restrictive Agreement
- No
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- not applicable
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- SINGLE
- Who Masked
- CARE PROVIDER
- Masking Details
- Providers who prescribe vaccination and diagnose conditions will not be randomized to study arms or informed of patient assignment. Although patients will not be explicitly informed of which arm they were randomized to, they will be aware of the messages they receive.
- Purpose
- PREVENTION
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- OTHER
- Responsible Party
- SPONSOR
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
August 4, 2021
First Posted
August 19, 2021
Study Start
September 4, 2021
Primary Completion
December 31, 2021
Study Completion
December 31, 2022
Last Updated
December 30, 2024
Results First Posted
February 13, 2023
Record last verified: 2024-12
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will share
- Shared Documents
- STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
- Time Frame
- By the paper's online publication date or within 12 months of the primary completion date (whichever comes first). Data will remain available for as long as the Open Science Framework hosts it.
- Access Criteria
- The data on the Open Science Framework will be open to anyone requesting that information.
Data with no personally identifiable information will be made available to other researchers on the Open Science Framework for transparency. This will include the essential data and code needed to replicate the analysis that yielded reported findings.