NCT04259320

Brief Summary

In the planned study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the beeswax-containing barrier and breast milk used in the first ten days of breastfeeding to prevent the formation of nipple cracks. It's a prospective, randomized study based on 90 primipara lactating women. Participants were assigned randomly 3 groups (beeswax-containing barrier, breast milk, and no treatment-control).

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
90

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Feb 2020

Shorter than P25 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 2, 2020

Completed
4 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 6, 2020

Completed
11 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

February 17, 2020

Completed
4 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 30, 2020

Completed
5 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 30, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

October 25, 2021

Status Verified

October 1, 2021

Enrollment Period

4 months

First QC Date

February 2, 2020

Last Update Submit

October 17, 2021

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Nipple crack change

    Use Nipple Crack score 0-3 (Nipple cracks increase as the score increases)

    Change from baseline nipple crack at 10 days

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Severity of nipple pain change

    Change from baseline severity of nipple pain at 10 days.

Other Outcomes (2)

  • Presence of nipple pain change

    Change from baseline presence of nipple pain at 10 days.

  • Maternal satisfaction

    Baseline from baseline nipple crack at 10 days

Study Arms (3)

Beeswax containing barrier

EXPERIMENTAL

Beeswax containing barrier will be given to the breastfeeding mother within the first 24 hours. After breastfeeding, it can be placed on the breast after it is expected to dry a little.Outside of breastfeeding and bathing, it will be constantly attached to the breasts.

Device: Beeswax containing barrier

Breast milk

EXPERIMENTAL

After breastfeeding, 2-3 drops of breast milk are applied to the nipple and areola. After the milk has dried, the breasts are closed. This application should be done at least 5 times a day.

Biological: Breast milk

No treatment- control

NO INTERVENTION

It is a group that does not use any method to prevent nipple cracks. All follow-ups in the experimental groups are done.

Interventions

Use beeswax containing barrier on each nipple after each breastfeeding.

Beeswax containing barrier
Breast milkBIOLOGICAL

Apply breast milk on each nipple and areola after each breastfeeding.

Breast milk

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 49 Years
Sexfemale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility Detailsprimipara lactating women who is in the first ten days of breastfeeding
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Being over 18 years old;
  • Normal spontaneous delivery.
  • Pregnancy weeks between 37-42.
  • Single birth.
  • Initiated breastfeeding.
  • Having given birth to a healthy, full-term child.
  • Newborn with no oral, palatal or maxillofacial abnormalities.
  • Not taking any medication, considering that drug use may cause nipple problems.
  • Being able to read and write.
  • Volunteering to participate in the study.
  • Not having contraindications for breastfeeding.

You may not qualify if:

  • Not approving to participate in the research.
  • Being a multipara.
  • Not breastfeeding within the first 24 hours.
  • Development of any breast problem: Mastitis, engorgement etc.
  • Taking newborn into intensive care.
  • Not sticking to the application.
  • Using another nipple crack preventing method during application.
  • Being allergic to beeswax.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital

Karabük, Merkez, 07780, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (4)

  • Buck ML, Amir LH, Cullinane M, Donath SM; CASTLE Study Team. Nipple pain, damage, and vasospasm in the first 8 weeks postpartum. Breastfeed Med. 2014 Mar;9(2):56-62. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.0106. Epub 2013 Dec 31.

    PMID: 24380583BACKGROUND
  • Puapornpong P, Paritakul P, Suksamarnwong M, Srisuwan S, Ketsuwan S. Nipple Pain Incidence, the Predisposing Factors, the Recovery Period After Care Management, and the Exclusive Breastfeeding Outcome. Breastfeed Med. 2017 Apr;12:169-173. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0194. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

    PMID: 28278382BACKGROUND
  • Dennis CL, Jackson K, Watson J. Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 15;2014(12):CD007366. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007366.pub2.

    PMID: 25506813BACKGROUND
  • Serhatlioglu S, Gencturk N, Mutlu S. Determination of the effectiveness of beeswax in preventing nipple pain and cracks in primiparous breastfeeding mothers: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2023 Nov-Dec;19(6):851-858. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 13.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Breast Feeding

Interventions

Milk, Human

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Feeding BehaviorBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

MilkBeveragesDiet, Food, and NutritionPhysiological PhenomenaDairy ProductsFoodFood and Beverages

Study Officials

  • Sibel Mutlu, OB/GYN

    Karabuk University Research and Training Hospital

    STUDY DIRECTOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Randomized clinical trial
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 2, 2020

First Posted

February 6, 2020

Study Start

February 17, 2020

Primary Completion

June 30, 2020

Study Completion

November 30, 2020

Last Updated

October 25, 2021

Record last verified: 2021-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

After begin to study

Locations