Effects of Smartphone Use on Posture, Pain, Function and QoL

NCT04256031 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: YU1682
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 106
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The aim of the study is to determine the effects of the use of smartphone on the neck and shoulder posture, pain, and functions, and the quality of life in young adults. The sample of the study consists of university students. According to the scores they got from the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, all participants will be divided into two groups. The neck and shoulder posture, pain, and functions, and the quality of life will be compared between the two groups.

Conditions

Postural; Defect; Neck Pain, Posterior; Shoulder Pain; Quality of Life

Keywords

Smartphone addiction; Forward head posture; Rounded shoulder; Neck pain; Shoulder pain; Quality of life

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Posture

  Posture will be examined with New York Posture Rating Chart which is a quantitative approach to assess the alignment of various body parts from posterior and lateral. The total score calculated after the evaluation is at most 65, and at least 13. The low score indicates impairments in posture.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

• Pain level

  In the assessment of the neck and shoulder pain levels the Visual Analogue Scale will be used. This scale is 10 cm long, and has two ends on a horizontal line. One of these two ends is called as "0", while one is named as "10". "0" point defines no pain, and "10" points describe the most severe pain.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

• Neck function

  Functional level of the neck will be evaluated with the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale. It is a valid and reliable tool for self-assessment of cervical pain and related disabilities, developed by Jordan el al. in 1998. The minimum score of the scale is 0, while the maximum score is 30. Disability level increases as the total score increases.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

• Shoulder function

  Functional level of the shoulder will be evaluated with the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire. It is a 16-items disability questionnaire related to shoulder pain. The result is calculated with a special formula, and evaluated out of 100. Disability level increases as the total score increases.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

• Quality of life level

  World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form will be utilized to assess the quality of life of participants. This questionnaire has been developed by World Health Organization, and has been validated in 1999 by Eser et al. in Turkish population. The scale does not have a total score, each field of the scale is evaluated independently in itself and is scored out of 20 or 100 points. The higher the score shows the higher the quality of life level.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

• Smartphone addiction level

  In determining the smartphone addiction levels of the participants, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version will be utilized. It is a self-assessment tool questioning smartphone usage, constituted by Kwon et al in 2013. The validity and reliability study of its Turkish version was made by Noyan et al. in 2015. The cut-off score for Turkish population was detected both for male and female students in 2017 by Şata and Karip. The lowest score of the scale is 10, while the highest score is 60. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the severity of smartphone addiction increases.

  1 day (Instant single measure)

Study Arms (2)

Excessive Smartphone Use Group

Participants whose Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version scores are higher than 30

Other: Assessment

Non-excessive Smartphone Use Group

Participants whose Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version scores are 30 or less

Other: Assessment

Interventions

Assessment OTHER

The structured questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale, Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale, Shoulder Disability Questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version will be applied to all participants respectively. Lastly, posture analysis will be performed to all participants by using the New York Posture Rating Chart.

Excessive Smartphone Use Group; Non-excessive Smartphone Use Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The sample of the study will consist of university students.

You may qualify if:

• To be willing and volunteer to participate in the study
• To be between 18 and 25 years old
• To have been using smartphone for more than 1 year

You may not qualify if:

• To have any health problem history or diagnosed pathology related with the neck or shoulder regions
• To have any history of trauma or surgery related to the neck or shoulder regions
• To have received any medical attention or treatment in the last six months because of a health problem related to neck or shoulder
• To have any diagnosed neurological problem

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Yeditepe University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Yeditepe University

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Akodu AK, Akinbo SR, Young QO. Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018 Oct 5;13(6):528-534. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.09.001. eCollection 2018 Dec.

  PMID: 31435373 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Neck Pain; Shoulder Pain; Internet Addiction Disorder

Interventions

Restraint, Physical

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Arthralgia; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Technology Addiction; Behavior, Addictive; Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior Control; Therapeutics; Immobilization; Investigative Techniques

Study Officials

• Rasmi Muammer, Professor

  Yeditepe University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

  STUDY CHAIR

• Sıla Yılmaz, PT

  Yeditepe University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE CONTROL
• Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 3, 2020
• First Posted: February 5, 2020
• Study Start: October 1, 2019
• Primary Completion: January 8, 2020
• Study Completion: February 8, 2020
• Last Updated: March 5, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)